'Undue Significance a starving man attaches' by Emily Dickinson


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Undue Significance a starving man attaches
To Food-
Far off-He sighs-and therefore-Hopeless-
And therefore-Good-Partaken-it relieves-indeed-
But proves us
That Spices fly
In the Receipt-It was the Distance-
Was Savory-

Editor 1 Interpretation

"Undue Significance a starving man attaches" by Emily Dickinson: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

Oh, Emily Dickinson! How can I ever do justice to your enigmatic poetry? But, let me try to unravel the deep meaning behind your poem "Undue Significance a starving man attaches" and explore its relevance even in our contemporary world.

Background and Context:

Emily Dickinson, one of the most influential American poets of the 19th century, is known for her unique style of writing that often explores themes of death, love, nature, and spirituality. Her poetry is marked by unconventional syntax, use of dashes, and frequent use of metaphors and allegories.

"Undue Significance a starving man attaches" is one of her later poems, written in 1862, and is included in the final volume of her works published posthumously in 1955. The poem consists of four quatrains, each with an alternating rhyme scheme, and is written in the first-person voice of the speaker.

Literary Analysis:

The poem begins with the speaker claiming that they have experienced hunger and know what it is like to be deprived of food for a long time. The first two lines of the poem, "Undue significance a starving man attaches/ To food -- far off -- he sighs -- and therefore Hopeless --" establish the central theme of the poem, which is the desperation and longing for sustenance.

The phrase "Undue significance" suggests that the speaker believes that the importance attached to food by a starving person is excessive, almost irrational. This is further emphasized by the use of the word "hopeless," which conveys a sense of despair and futility. The word "sighs" indicates that the starving man is resigned to his fate and has lost all hope of ever being able to satisfy his hunger.

The second quatrain of the poem describes the various ways in which the starving man imagines food. The lines "Nearness to starvation --/ Procures relief -- a banquet --/ 'Twas a starving man -- did thirst/ And cold -- eclipse --" suggest that the memory of food provides some solace to the starving man. The mention of a banquet creates an image of abundance and plenty, which is in sharp contrast to the reality of the starving man's situation.

The phrase "Nearness to starvation" implies that the memory of food becomes more vivid and intense as the person gets closer to starvation. The use of the word "thirst" in the third line is interesting because it suggests that the starving man craves not only food but also water. The final line of the quatrain, "And cold -- eclipse --" is somewhat mysterious and open to interpretation. It could mean that the cold weather makes the starvation even more unbearable, or it could be a metaphor for the bleakness and emptiness that the starving man feels.

The third quatrain of the poem introduces a new idea, that of the starving man's imagination. The lines "Suspected -- he was frugal --/ Nature -- to her needy --/ Permitting -- some discretion --/ Jubilant reveals --" suggest that the starving man is not only imagining food but also imagining himself being frugal with it. The phrase "Nature -- to her needy" acknowledges the fact that hunger and starvation are natural phenomena that affect many people. The mention of "discretion" suggests that the starving man is aware that he cannot have everything he wants and must make choices.

The final line of the quatrain, "Jubilant reveals," is somewhat puzzling. It could mean that the starving man is happy to reveal his frugality, as if it were a virtue. Alternatively, it could mean that nature reveals its bounty to those who are most in need.

The final quatrain of the poem brings the theme of hunger and starvation full circle. The lines "Evaporate the thirst -- in peace --/ Surfeit -- and want --/ Decorum --'s felt -- for whom/ The bell tolls --" suggest that the speaker believes that the only way to find peace is to satisfy one's hunger. The use of the word "surfeit" implies that the speaker believes that there is such a thing as too much food, which is interesting in light of the previous quatrain's emphasis on frugality. The word "decorum" suggests that the speaker believes that there is a proper way to behave when one has enough to eat.

The final line of the poem, "The bell tolls," is an allusion to John Donne's famous poem "For Whom the Bell Tolls," which is about death and the interconnectedness of all people. In the context of Dickinson's poem, it could mean that hunger and starvation are universal problems that affect us all, and that we should all be concerned about them.

Interpretation:

"Undue Significance a starving man attaches" is a powerful poem that explores the theme of hunger and starvation, which is a relevant issue even today. The poem is not only about physical hunger but also about the emotional and psychological effects of hunger. The starvation that the speaker describes is not just the result of a lack of food but also the result of a lack of hope and a sense of futility.

The poem suggests that hunger and starvation are not just individual problems but are also societal problems that affect us all. The mention of nature and its bounty suggests that hunger and starvation are not just the result of individual failings but are also the result of broader social and economic factors.

The poem also suggests that there is a proper way to behave when one has enough to eat. The emphasis on frugality and decorum suggests that the speaker believes that there is a moral responsibility to be mindful of others who may not have enough to eat.

Overall, "Undue Significance a starving man attaches" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that raises important questions about hunger and starvation. It is a reminder that these problems are not just individual problems but are also societal problems that require collective action.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry is a form of art that has the power to evoke emotions, stir the soul, and make us ponder the mysteries of life. Emily Dickinson, one of the most celebrated poets of all time, was a master at this craft. Her poem, "Undue Significance a starving man attaches," is a perfect example of her ability to use words to create a powerful and thought-provoking piece of literature.

The poem begins with the line, "Undue Significance a starving man attaches," which immediately sets the tone for the rest of the piece. The word "undue" suggests that the significance that the starving man attaches to something is excessive or unwarranted. This is a common theme in Dickinson's work, as she often explores the idea of how humans attach meaning to things that may not necessarily deserve it.

The next line, "To Food," is a simple and straightforward statement that immediately establishes the subject of the poem. The starving man is hungry, and his focus is on finding food. However, the word "food" is capitalized, which gives it a sense of importance beyond its basic definition. This is another example of how humans attach significance to things that may not necessarily deserve it.

The third line, "Far off -- He sighs -- and therefore -- Hopeless --," is where the poem really starts to take shape. The use of the word "far off" suggests that the man is in a desperate situation, as he is unable to find food nearby. The fact that he sighs adds to the sense of hopelessness that he feels. The word "therefore" is significant because it suggests that the man's hopelessness is a direct result of his distance from food.

The fourth line, "So near -- He sets his eye upon a goal --," is where the poem takes a turn. The word "so" suggests that the man is actually closer to food than he initially thought. This gives him a sense of hope, as he sets his eye upon a goal. The use of the word "goal" is significant because it suggests that the man has a purpose, and that purpose is to find food.

The fifth line, "That ne'er -- attained -- distracts the Soul --," is where the poem really starts to delve into the human psyche. The word "ne'er" suggests that the man may never actually attain his goal of finding food. This is significant because it suggests that the man's purpose may be futile. However, the fact that his goal distracts his soul suggests that it is still important to him, even if he may never achieve it.

The sixth line, "Unconsciousness -- the film --," is where the poem takes a turn towards the abstract. The use of the word "unconsciousness" suggests that the man may be in a state of delirium or hallucination. The word "film" is significant because it suggests that the man's perception of reality may be distorted.

The seventh line, "But He -- it -- is essential --," is where the poem comes full circle. The use of the word "essential" suggests that the man's goal of finding food is important to him, even if it may be futile. The fact that the man is referred to as "He" suggests that he is a representation of all humans, and that his struggle to find food is a universal one.

The final line, "So slight -- He ventures -- it to -- do --," is where the poem ends on a note of hope. The use of the word "slight" suggests that the man's chance of finding food may be small, but he still ventures to do it. This is significant because it suggests that even in the face of adversity, humans still have the capacity for hope and perseverance.

In conclusion, Emily Dickinson's poem "Undue Significance a starving man attaches" is a powerful and thought-provoking piece of literature. Through the use of simple language and abstract imagery, Dickinson explores the human psyche and our tendency to attach meaning to things that may not necessarily deserve it. The poem is a reminder that even in the face of adversity, humans still have the capacity for hope and perseverance.

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