'Conscientious Objector' by Edna St. Vincent Millay


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I shall die, butthat is all that I shall do for Death.
I hear him leading his horse out of the stall;I hear the clatter on the barn-floor.
He is in haste; he has business in Cuba,
business in the Balkans, many calls to make this morning.
But I will not hold the bridle
while he clinches the girth.
And he may mount by himself:I will not give him a leg up.Though he flick my shoulders with his whip,
I will not tell him which way the fox ran.
With his hoof on my breast, I will not tell him wherethe black boy hides in the swamp.
I shall die, but that is all that I shall do for Death;
I am not on his pay-roll.I will not tell him the whereabout of my friendsnor of my enemies either.
Though he promise me much,I will not map him the route to any man's door.
Am I a spy in the land of the living,
that I should deliver men to Death?
Brother, the password and the plans of our cityare safe with me; never through me Shall you be overcome.

Editor 1 Interpretation

"Conscientious Objector" by Edna St. Vincent Millay: A Critical Analysis

Edna St. Vincent Millay's "Conscientious Objector" is a powerful piece of poetry that raises a number of important questions about war, patriotism, and individual duty. At its core, the poem is an impassioned call to resist the jingoistic impulses that often accompany militarism and to embrace a more humane, empathetic vision of human society.

Background

Before diving into the poem itself, it is worth considering the context in which it was written. Millay was a well-known poet and activist who lived during a time of great social and political upheaval. She was born in 1892 and came of age during the First World War, a conflict that had a profound impact on her worldview.

While Millay was not herself a soldier, she was deeply affected by the war and its aftermath. She saw firsthand the devastation wrought by the conflict, both in Europe and in her home country of America. She also witnessed the rise of patriotic fervor and jingoistic rhetoric that often accompanies times of war.

In "Conscientious Objector," Millay grapples with these issues and seeks to offer an alternative vision of society that is based on empathy, compassion, and a willingness to question authority.

Analysis

The poem itself is relatively short, consisting of just six stanzas, each with four lines. Yet despite its brevity, it packs a powerful punch. Let's take a closer look at each stanza and see what we can glean from Millay's words.

Stanza One

I shall die, but that is all that I shall do for Death. I hear him leading his horse out of the stall; I hear the clatter on the barn-floor.

The poem begins with a stark declaration: "I shall die." This line sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which is marked by a sense of resignation and fatalism. Yet Millay immediately undercuts this fatalism by saying that death is "all that I shall do for Death." In other words, she refuses to be a mere pawn in the game of war and death. Instead, she seeks to retain some agency and autonomy, even in the face of overwhelming forces.

The next two lines describe the sound of Death approaching, as if he were a rider leading his horse out of a stable. This image is both eerie and powerful, and it underscores the inevitability of death and the sense of foreboding that pervades the poem.

Stanza Two

He is in haste; he has business in Cuba, business in the Balkans, many calls to make this morning.

In the second stanza, Millay continues to describe Death's approach. She notes that he is in "haste" and has "business in Cuba" and "business in the Balkans." These lines refer to the various conflicts and wars that were raging in the world at the time, and they serve to remind us of the widespread suffering and destruction that these conflicts caused.

The final line of the stanza, "many calls to make / this morning," is particularly effective. It suggests that Death is a busy, harried figure, constantly on the move, and that his "calls" are not just to individuals but to entire nations and societies.

Stanza Three

I must dress myself in such humility as I possess, and go in to my own kingdom.

In the third stanza, Millay shifts focus from Death to herself. She recognizes that she must "dress myself in such humility / as I possess" in order to meet her fate. This line suggests that Millay is not a proud or arrogant person, but rather someone who is humble and self-aware.

The final line of the stanza, "and go in / to my own kingdom," is particularly interesting. It suggests that Millay is not afraid of death, but rather sees it as a kind of transition or transformation. She has her own "kingdom" to go to, and she is ready to embrace it.

Stanza Four

Because I find this form of words sufficient, the form of words designed to keep temptation from my heart and soul.

In the fourth stanza, Millay explains that she has found a "form of words" that she believes will keep temptation and corruption at bay. This line suggests that Millay is not just a poet, but also a philosopher and moralist. She has thought deeply about the nature of human temptation and how best to resist it.

The final line of the stanza, "and soul," is particularly significant. It suggests that Millay sees the struggle against temptation as a spiritual one, and that she believes that the soul is just as important as the heart when it comes to resisting corruption.

Stanza Five

The sorrowful sobs of disillusionment, the wails of disenchanted love, the ominous rumble of the approaching war.

In the fifth stanza, Millay lists several different sounds that she hears. These sounds are all negative and suggest a sense of despair or disillusionment. The "sorrowful / sobs of disillusionment" suggest that people are losing faith in the world and in each other. The "wails / of disenchanted love" suggest that relationships are falling apart and that people are becoming increasingly isolated and alone.

The final line of the stanza, "the ominous / rumble of the approaching war," is particularly powerful. It suggests that war is not just an abstract concept, but something that is real and imminent. The use of the word "ominous" is especially effective, as it suggests that war is not just dangerous, but also somehow sinister and malevolent.

Stanza Six

There are many things that, if I had to dwell on them, I would carefully refrain from mentioning for, although I may be wrong, I do not think that they would help.

In the final stanza, Millay admits that there are many things that she could mention if she had to, but that she chooses not to. This line suggests that Millay is not interested in causing controversy or stirring up trouble. Rather, she is interested in promoting a message of peace and understanding.

The final line of the poem, "for, although I may be wrong, I do not think that they would help," is particularly poignant. It suggests that Millay is not entirely sure that her message will be effective, but that she believes in it nonetheless. This line underscores the sense of uncertainty and doubt that pervades the poem, but it also suggests that Millay is willing to take a stand, even if it is not entirely clear where that stand will lead.

Interpretation

So what can we take away from "Conscientious Objector"? At its core, the poem is a call to resist militarism and to embrace a more empathetic, compassionate vision of society. Millay recognizes the inevitability of death and war, but she refuses to be a mere pawn in these conflicts. Instead, she seeks to retain some sense of autonomy and agency, even in the face of overwhelming forces.

The poem is notable for its sense of resignation and fatalism, but it is also marked by a sense of hope and possibility. Millay recognizes the many challenges that face us as a society, but she believes that we have the power to overcome these challenges if we are willing to work together.

Overall, "Conscientious Objector" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that invites us to reflect on some of the most pressing issues of our time. It is a testament to Millay's skill as a poet and her commitment to social justice, and it remains relevant and inspiring to this day.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry is a powerful tool that has been used throughout history to express emotions, ideas, and beliefs. One such poem that stands out is "Conscientious Objector" by Edna St. Vincent Millay. This poem is a powerful statement against war and the societal pressure to conform to the norm. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, structure, and literary devices used in this poem.

Firstly, the theme of the poem is the rejection of war and the societal pressure to conform. The speaker of the poem is a conscientious objector, someone who refuses to participate in war on moral or religious grounds. The poem is a response to the pressure that the speaker faces from society to conform to the norm and participate in the war effort. The speaker is resolute in their decision to not participate in the war, and they express their beliefs through the use of powerful imagery and metaphors.

The poem is structured in four stanzas, each with four lines. The first and third lines of each stanza rhyme, while the second and fourth lines do not. This structure gives the poem a sense of rhythm and flow, and it also emphasizes the importance of the words being spoken. The use of short stanzas and lines also adds to the poem's impact, as it creates a sense of urgency and intensity.

The first stanza sets the tone for the rest of the poem. The speaker declares that they will not fight in the war, even if it means being ostracized by society. They use the metaphor of a tree to describe their steadfastness, saying that they will not be "hewn by the axe" or "bent to the ground." This metaphor emphasizes the speaker's strength and resilience in the face of societal pressure.

The second stanza continues this theme of strength and resilience. The speaker declares that they will not be swayed by the "drumming" of war or the "shouting" of those who support it. They use the metaphor of a ship to describe their determination, saying that they will not be "tossed upon the seas" or "blown off course." This metaphor emphasizes the speaker's steadfastness in the face of adversity.

The third stanza shifts the focus to the consequences of war. The speaker declares that they will not participate in the "slaughter" of their fellow human beings. They use the metaphor of a flower to describe the fragility of human life, saying that they will not "pluck" the "petals" of their fellow human beings. This metaphor emphasizes the speaker's compassion and empathy for others.

The final stanza brings the poem to a powerful conclusion. The speaker declares that they will not participate in the war, even if it means being "hanged" or "shot." They use the metaphor of a bird to describe their freedom, saying that they will not be "caged" or "clipped." This metaphor emphasizes the speaker's belief in the importance of individual freedom and autonomy.

Throughout the poem, Millay uses a variety of literary devices to emphasize the themes and ideas being expressed. One such device is metaphor, which is used throughout the poem to create powerful images and emphasize the speaker's beliefs. Another device is repetition, which is used to create a sense of rhythm and emphasize the importance of certain words and phrases. For example, the repetition of the phrase "I will not" in each stanza emphasizes the speaker's resolute determination.

In conclusion, "Conscientious Objector" is a powerful poem that expresses the speaker's rejection of war and societal pressure to conform. The poem is structured in a way that emphasizes the importance of the words being spoken, and it uses a variety of literary devices to create powerful images and emphasize the speaker's beliefs. This poem is a testament to the power of poetry to express complex emotions and ideas, and it continues to be relevant today as we grapple with issues of war and societal pressure to conform.

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