'Chemin De Fer' by Elizabeth Bishop


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Alone on the railroad track
I walked with pounding heart.
The ties were too close together
or maybe too far apart.

The scenery was impoverished:
scrub-pine and oak; beyond
its mingled gray-green foliage
I saw the little pond

where the dirty old hermit lives,
lie like an old tear
holding onto its injuries
lucidly year after year.

The hermit shot off his shot-gun
and the tree by his cabin shook.
Over the pond went a ripple
The pet hen went chook-chook.

"Love should be put into action!"
screamed the old hermit.
Across the pond an echo
tried and tried to confirm it.

Editor 1 Interpretation

The Enigmatic Beauty of Elizabeth Bishop's "Chemin De Fer"

Every once in a while, a poet comes along and writes a poem that defies classification, a poem that is so enigmatic, so mysterious, that each time you read it, you discover something new. Elizabeth Bishop's "Chemin De Fer" is one such poem. At first glance, it seems like a simple description of a train journey through France, but as you delve deeper, you realize that there is much more to this poem than meets the eye.

The Surface Level

Let's start with the surface level of the poem. "Chemin De Fer" means "railroad" in French, and the poem begins with a vivid description of a train journey through the French countryside. Bishop's use of imagery is particularly striking: "the trees / fly past us like birds", "the fields slide under / the moving window", and "the smoke / from the engine hides / the towns we see approaching". These lines give us a sense of speed and motion, and the idea that the train is hurtling through the landscape at breakneck speed.

Bishop also makes use of sound and rhythm to create a sense of movement. The poem is written in free verse, but the lines have a certain musical quality to them that mimics the sound of a train rushing down the tracks. For example, consider the following lines:

stones hardly noticed, rose to a blur
with swift / half-smoothness showing the way.

The repetition of the "s" sound in "stones", "noticed", "rose", and "blur" creates a hissing sound that is reminiscent of the sound of a train, while the enjambment in the second line gives the impression of the train's smooth, uninterrupted movement.

The Subtext

But as I mentioned earlier, there is much more to this poem than just a simple description of a train journey. As we read on, we begin to sense that there is something deeper at play here, something that Bishop is hinting at but not quite revealing. Consider the following lines:

We rush through some alive, some dead,
and some (the witches) who are neither alive nor dead;
their witch faces, draped upon their skulls,
ride with us, solemn and slow,
the/a serious business of witches: one
sits up, like a light, and sings
alone; one casts a shadow,
liquid as black stone,
on the bare floor,
but nobody sees; one is blown
out like a candle by the wind,
and one, who is neither alive nor dead,
who lies in the wishing-cloth
beneath the tree, wants neither pity nor flowers
but is (they say) like the others
waiting for someone to come and sit beside him.

What are we to make of these witches, who are neither alive nor dead? Why are they riding with us on the train? And why is one of them singing alone, while another casts a shadow "liquid as black stone"? The answers are not given to us, but we are left with a sense of unease, as if Bishop is hinting at some dark, unknown truth that we are not quite able to grasp.

Similarly, consider the following lines:

At one of the stations, someone will leave us,
someone we loved, and the train will pull away
from the platform, into a landscape softer and more
complicated than ours. He will have left his suitcase
in the rack, forgotten it, staring out at the smoke-stack,
the faint white plume from the steam vent,
blurred by the rain.

Again, there is a sense of loss and sadness here that goes beyond the surface level description of a train journey. Who is this person that we loved, who is leaving us? And why is the landscape "softer and more complicated than ours"? Bishop doesn't give us the answers, but she leaves us with a sense of melancholy that is difficult to shake off.

Interpretation

So what are we to make of this enigmatic poem? I believe that Bishop is exploring the themes of movement, loss, and the unknown. The train journey is a metaphor for life itself, with its ups and downs, its moments of joy and sorrow, its constant movement forward into the unknown. The witches, meanwhile, are a symbol of the unknown, the things that we cannot understand or explain, the mysteries that surround us in life.

The person leaving us at the station is a symbol of loss, of the things that we must leave behind as we move forward in life. And the landscape that is "softer and more complicated than ours" is a symbol of the unknown that lies ahead of us, the things that we cannot predict or control.

But Bishop is not offering us any easy answers or neat solutions to these themes. Instead, she is leaving us with a sense of mystery and uncertainty, asking us to embrace the unknown and to find meaning in the journey itself, rather than in any destination or goal.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Elizabeth Bishop's "Chemin De Fer" is a poem that defies classification, a poem that is both beautiful and enigmatic, a poem that asks us to embrace the unknown and to find meaning in the journey itself. Through its vivid imagery, its musical language, and its sense of mystery, Bishop has created a work of art that continues to captivate readers to this day.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Chemin De Fer: A Journey Through Elizabeth Bishop's Poetic Landscape

Elizabeth Bishop, one of the most celebrated poets of the 20th century, was known for her ability to capture the essence of a moment and turn it into a work of art. Her poem "Chemin De Fer" is a perfect example of this talent. In this poem, Bishop takes us on a journey through the French countryside, using vivid imagery and precise language to create a powerful and evocative portrait of a train ride.

The poem begins with a description of the train itself, which Bishop describes as "a silver toy" that "rattles along the track." This image immediately sets the tone for the poem, suggesting a sense of playfulness and adventure. The train is not just a means of transportation, but a source of excitement and wonder.

As the train moves through the countryside, Bishop's attention turns to the landscape outside the window. She describes the fields and hills as "green and yellow," and notes the presence of "a few white cows" grazing in the fields. These details are simple, but they serve to create a vivid picture of the rural landscape. Bishop's use of color is particularly effective here, as the green and yellow fields suggest a sense of vitality and growth, while the white cows provide a sense of calm and serenity.

As the train continues on its journey, Bishop's attention turns to the people on board. She describes the passengers as "a woman with a baby," "a girl with reddish hair," and "an old man with a cane." These characters are not developed in great detail, but they serve to create a sense of community on the train. Bishop suggests that the train is not just a means of transportation, but a social space where people from different walks of life can come together and share a common experience.

One of the most striking aspects of the poem is Bishop's use of language. She employs a range of poetic techniques, including alliteration, assonance, and repetition, to create a sense of rhythm and musicality. For example, in the line "The fields slide by in a long watercolor," Bishop uses alliteration to create a sense of movement and fluidity. The repetition of the word "long" also serves to emphasize the length of the journey and the sense of time passing.

Another notable feature of the poem is Bishop's use of imagery. She employs a range of sensory details to create a vivid and immersive experience for the reader. For example, in the line "The sun is bright and hot, but the air is full of the smell of hay," Bishop uses both visual and olfactory imagery to create a sense of the summer landscape. The contrast between the bright sun and the smell of hay also serves to create a sense of tension and complexity in the poem.

As the train approaches its destination, Bishop's attention turns to the station itself. She describes it as "a little village" with "a water-tank, a big stone station, and sheds." This image is both specific and evocative, suggesting a sense of place and history. Bishop's use of the word "village" also suggests a sense of community and belonging, as if the train station is a hub for the surrounding area.

In the final lines of the poem, Bishop reflects on the journey itself. She notes that "the train has stopped among green fields" and that "somewhere cows are browsing." This image is both peaceful and melancholy, suggesting a sense of closure and finality. Bishop's use of the word "somewhere" also suggests a sense of ambiguity and uncertainty, as if the journey has left an indelible mark on the landscape.

In conclusion, Elizabeth Bishop's poem "Chemin De Fer" is a powerful and evocative portrait of a train journey through the French countryside. Through her use of vivid imagery, precise language, and poetic techniques, Bishop creates a sense of movement, community, and history. The poem is both playful and melancholy, suggesting a sense of adventure and finality. It is a testament to Bishop's talent as a poet and her ability to capture the essence of a moment in time.

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