'Les Fenêtres' by Guillaume Apollinaire

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Du rouge au vert tout le jaune se meurt
Quand chantent les aras dans les forêts natales
Abatis de pihis
Il y a un poème à faire sur l'oiseau qui n'a qu'une aile
Nous l'enverron en message téléphonique
Truamatisme géant
Il fait couler les yeux
Voilà une jolie jeune fille parmi les jeunes Turinaises
Le pauvre jeune homme se mouchait dans sa cravate blanche
Tu soulèveras le rideau
Et maintenant voilà que s'ouvre la fenêtre
Araignées quand les mains tissaient la lumière
Beauté pâleur insondables violets
Nous tenterons en vain de prendre du repos
On commencera à minuit
Quand on a le temps on a la liberté
Bignorneaux Lotte multiples Soleils et l'Oursin du couchant
Une vielle paire de chaussures jaunes devant la fenêtre
Tours
Les Tours ce sont les rues
Puits
Puits ce sont les places
Puits
Arbres creux qui abritent les Câpresses vagabondes
Les Chabins chantent des airs à mourir
Aux Chabines marrones
Et l'oie oua-oua trompette au nord
Où le train blanc de neige et de feux nocturnes fuit l'hiver
O Paris
Du rouge au vert tout le jaune se meurt
Paris Vancouver Hyères Maintenon New-York et les Antilles
Le fenêtre s'ouvre comme une orange
Le beau fruit de la lumière

Editor 1 Interpretation

Les Fenêtres by Guillaume Apollinaire

Guillaume Apollinaire's "Les Fenêtres" is a masterpiece of modernist poetry that captures the essence of the urban landscape. The poem, which was first published in 1913, is written in free verse and consists of ten stanzas that describe the windows of a building as they reflect the changing world outside.

Interpretation

The poem opens with a description of the windows as "golden cages" that trap the world outside. The metaphor of the cage is used throughout the poem to describe the tension between the inside and the outside, the private and the public, the individual and the collective.

Apollinaire then goes on to describe the world outside the windows, which is in a state of constant flux. He uses vivid and sensory language to depict the movement of people and objects, the changing light and the shifting landscape. The city is portrayed as a living organism that is constantly evolving and adapting.

The poem also touches on the theme of time and the fleeting nature of existence. The images of the changing seasons, the passing day and the setting sun create a sense of transience and impermanence. The windows, which are a symbol of stability and permanence, are contrasted with the ephemeral nature of the world outside.

One of the most striking aspects of the poem is its use of imagery. Apollinaire uses a range of motifs to create a vivid and evocative portrait of the urban landscape. The windows themselves are described as eyes, mirrors, and jewels, and the world outside is depicted through a range of sensory images, from the sound of music to the scent of flowers.

Literary Criticism

"Les Fenêtres" is a quintessential example of modernist poetry, which sought to break away from traditional forms and conventions. Apollinaire's use of free verse, fragmented imagery, and unconventional syntax all contribute to the poem's experimental nature.

The poem is also notable for its use of symbolism, which is a hallmark of modernist literature. The windows, for instance, can be seen as a symbol of the human condition, with the tension between inside and outside representing the struggle between the individual and society. The changing landscape outside the windows can be interpreted as a symbol of cultural change and the shifting nature of reality.

Apollinaire's use of language is also a key feature of the poem. His use of neologisms, or newly coined words, reflects the influence of the Futurist movement, which sought to incorporate new technologies and forms of communication into art. The poem also contains elements of Surrealism, with its dreamlike imagery and its juxtaposition of disparate elements.

Conclusion

In "Les Fenêtres," Guillaume Apollinaire has created a highly original and innovative work of poetry that captures the spirit of the modern urban landscape. The poem's use of imagery, symbolism and experimental language all contribute to its enduring appeal and its significance in the history of modernist literature.

As we read the poem, we are reminded of the power of language to evoke the world around us, and of the ways in which art can help us to make sense of the complexities of modern life. "Les Fenêtres" is a testament to the enduring relevance of modernist literature, and a timeless work of art that continues to inspire and captivate readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Les Fenêtres: A Masterpiece of Modern Poetry

Guillaume Apollinaire, a French poet, playwright, and art critic, is widely regarded as one of the most influential poets of the 20th century. His works were characterized by their innovative style, which combined traditional poetic forms with modernist techniques. One of his most celebrated poems is Les Fenêtres, which was published in 1913 as part of his collection Alcools. This poem is a masterpiece of modern poetry, and its themes, imagery, and language continue to captivate readers to this day.

Les Fenêtres is a poem that explores the theme of perception and the relationship between the observer and the observed. The poem is structured as a series of vignettes, each of which describes a different scene observed through a window. The scenes range from the mundane to the sublime, and each one is imbued with a sense of wonder and mystery. The poem is divided into three sections, each of which explores a different aspect of perception.

The first section of the poem is titled "Le Pont Mirabeau," and it describes a scene observed from a bridge over the Seine River. The speaker looks out over the river and sees the reflection of the sky in the water. The image is both beautiful and haunting, and the speaker is struck by the ephemeral nature of the moment. The poem reads:

"Sous le pont Mirabeau coule la Seine Et nos amours Faut-il qu'il m'en souvienne La joie venait toujours après la peine."

The second section of the poem is titled "Zone," and it describes a scene observed from a window in a Parisian apartment. The speaker looks out over the city and sees the hustle and bustle of everyday life. The scene is chaotic and overwhelming, and the speaker is struck by the contrast between the beauty of the city and the ugliness of its inhabitants. The poem reads:

"La rue assourdissante autour de moi hurlait Longue, mince, en grand deuil, douleur majestueuse Une femme passa, d'une main fastueuse Soulevant, balançant le feston et l'ourlet;"

The third section of the poem is titled "Marie," and it describes a scene observed from a window in a hospital room. The speaker looks out over the city and sees the beauty of the world in the face of a dying woman. The scene is poignant and heartbreaking, and the speaker is struck by the fragility of life and the inevitability of death. The poem reads:

"Marie, telle que vous êtes Avec vos habits de dimanche Qui sentent le lavoir et le thym Avec vos bas de laine et vos souliers vernis Marie, telle que vous êtes Je vous jure que je ne l'ai jamais vue plus belle Que ce matin-là, dans la chambre de l'hôpital."

The language of Les Fenêtres is both simple and complex. The simplicity of the language is evident in the short, declarative sentences that make up each vignette. The complexity of the language is evident in the use of metaphor and imagery to convey the speaker's thoughts and emotions. For example, in the first section of the poem, the speaker uses the image of the sky reflected in the water to convey the fleeting nature of beauty. In the second section of the poem, the speaker uses the image of a woman walking down the street to convey the contrast between the beauty of the city and the ugliness of its inhabitants. In the third section of the poem, the speaker uses the image of a dying woman to convey the fragility of life and the inevitability of death.

The imagery of Les Fenêtres is both vivid and evocative. The vividness of the imagery is evident in the way that each vignette is described in detail, with attention paid to the colors, sounds, and smells of each scene. The evocativeness of the imagery is evident in the way that each scene is imbued with a sense of wonder and mystery. For example, in the first section of the poem, the image of the sky reflected in the water is both beautiful and haunting, and it evokes a sense of awe and wonder in the reader. In the second section of the poem, the image of the woman walking down the street is both chaotic and majestic, and it evokes a sense of the complexity of human nature. In the third section of the poem, the image of the dying woman is both poignant and heartbreaking, and it evokes a sense of the fragility of life.

In conclusion, Les Fenêtres is a masterpiece of modern poetry that explores the theme of perception and the relationship between the observer and the observed. The poem is structured as a series of vignettes, each of which describes a different scene observed through a window. The language of the poem is both simple and complex, and the imagery is both vivid and evocative. The poem is a testament to Apollinaire's skill as a poet and his ability to capture the beauty and complexity of the world around us.

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