'Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book' by John Milton

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Perplexed and troubled at his bad success
The Tempter stood, nor had what to reply,
Discovered in his fraud, thrown from his hope
So oft, and the persuasive rhetoric
That sleeked his tongue, and won so much on Eve,
So little here, nay lost.But Eve was Eve;
This far his over-match, who, self-deceived
And rash, beforehand had no better weighed
The strength he was to cope with, or his own.
But-as a man who had been matchless heldIn cunning, over-reached where least he thought,
To salve his credit, and for very spite,
Still will be tempting him who foils him still,
And never cease, though to his shame the more;
Or as a swarm of flies in vintage-time,
About the wine-press where sweet must is poured,
Beat off, returns as oft with humming sound;
Or surging waves against a solid rock,
Though all to shivers dashed, the assault renew,
(Vain battery!) and in froth or bubbles end-So Satan, whom repulse upon repulse
Met ever, and to shameful silence brought,
Yet gives not o'er, though desperate of success,
And his vain importunity pursues.
He brought our Saviour to the western side
Of that high mountain, whence he might behold
Another plain, long, but in breadth not wide,
Washed by the southern sea, and on the north
To equal length backed with a ridge of hills
That screened the fruits of the earth and seats of menFrom cold Septentrion blasts; thence in the midst
Divided by a river, off whose banks
On each side an Imperial City stood,
With towers and temples proudly elevate
On seven small hills, with palaces adorned,
Porches and theatres, baths, aqueducts,
Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs,
Gardens and groves, presented to his eyes
Above the highth of mountains interposed-
By what strange parallax, or optic skillOf vision, multiplied through air, or glass
Of telescope, were curious to enquire.
And now the Tempter thus his silence broke:-"The city which thou seest no other deem
Than great and glorious Rome, Queen of the Earth
So far renowned, and with the spoils enriched
Of nations.There the Capitol thou seest,
Above the rest lifting his stately head
On the Tarpeian rock, her citadel
Impregnable; and there Mount Palatine,The imperial palace, compass huge, and high
The structure, skill of noblest architects,
With gilded battlements, conspicuous far,
Turrets, and terraces, and glittering spires.
Many a fair edifice besides, more like
Houses of gods-so well I have disposed
My aerie microscope-thou may'st behold,
Outside and inside both, pillars and roofs
Carved work, the hand of famed artificers
In cedar, marble, ivory, or gold.Thence to the gates cast round thine eye, and see
What conflux issuing forth, or entering in:
Praetors, proconsuls to their provinces
Hasting, or on return, in robes of state;
Lictors and rods, the ensigns of their power;
Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings;
Or embassies from regions far remote,
In various habits, on the Appian road,
Or on the AEmilian-some from farthest south,
Syene, and where the shadow both way falls,Meroe, Nilotic isle, and, more to west,
The realm of Bocchus to the Blackmoor sea;
From the Asian kings (and Parthian among these),
From India and the Golden Chersoness,
And utmost Indian isle Taprobane,
Dusk faces with white silken turbants wreathed;
From Gallia, Gades, and the British west;
Germans, and Scythians, and Sarmatians north
Beyond Danubius to the Tauric pool.
All nations now to Rome obedience pay-To Rome's great Emperor, whose wide domain,
In ample territory, wealth and power,
Civility of manners, arts and arms,
And long renown, thou justly may'st prefer
Before the Parthian.These two thrones except,
The rest are barbarous, and scarce worth the sight,
Shared among petty kings too far removed;
These having shewn thee, I have shewn thee all
The kingdoms of the world, and all their glory.
This Emperor hath no son, and now is old,Old and lascivious, and from Rome retired
To Capreae, an island small but strong
On the Campanian shore, with purpose there
His horrid lusts in private to enjoy;
Committing to a wicked favourite
All public cares, and yet of him suspicious;
Hated of all, and hating.With what ease,
Endued with regal virtues as thou art,
Appearing, and beginning noble deeds,
Might'st thou expel this monster from his throne,Now made a sty, and, in his place ascending,
A victor-people free from servile yoke!
And with my help thou may'st; to me the power
Is given, and by that right I give it thee.
Aim, therefore, at no less than all the world;
Aim at the highest; without the highest attained,
Will be for thee no sitting, or not long,
On David's throne, be prophesied what will."To whom the Son of God, unmoved, replied:-
"Nor doth this grandeur and majestic shewOf luxury, though called magnificence,
More than of arms before, allure mine eye,
Much less my mind; though thou should'st add to tell
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts
On citron tables or Atlantic stone
(For I have also heard, perhaps have read),
Their wines of Setia, Cales, and Falerne,
Chios and Crete, and how they quaff in gold,
Crystal, and myrrhine cups, imbossed with gems
And studs of pearl-to me should'st tell, who thirstAnd hunger still.Then embassies thou shew'st
From nations far and nigh!What honour that,
But tedious waste of time, to sit and hear
So many hollow compliments and lies,
Outlandish flatteries?Then proceed'st to talk
Of the Emperor, how easily subdued,
How gloriously.I shall, thou say'st, expel
A brutish monster: what if I withal
Expel a Devil who first made him such?
Let his tormentor, Conscience, find him out;For him I was not sent, nor yet to free
That people, victor once, now vile and base,
Deservedly made vassal-who, once just,
Frugal, and mild, and temperate, conquered well,
But govern ill the nations under yoke,
Peeling their provinces, exhausted all
By lust and rapine; first ambitious grown
Of triumph, that insulting vanity;
Then cruel, by their sports to blood inured
Of fighting beasts, and men to beasts exposed;Luxurious by their wealth, and greedier still,
And from the daily Scene effeminate.
What wise and valiant man would seek to free
These, thus degenerate, by themselves enslaved,
Or could of inward slaves make outward free?
Know, therefore, when my season comes to sit
On David's throne, it shall be like a tree
Spreading and overshadowing all the earth,
Or as a stone that shall to pieces dash
All monarchies besides throughout the world;And of my Kingdom there shall be no end.
Means there shall be to this; but what the means
Is not for thee to know, nor me to tell."To whom the Tempter, impudent, replied:-
"I see all offers made by me how slight
Thou valuest, because offered, and reject'st.
Nothing will please the difficult and nice,
Or nothing more than still to contradict.
On the other side know also thou that I
On what I offer set as high esteem,Nor what I part with mean to give for naught,
All these, which in a moment thou behold'st,
The kingdoms of the world, to thee I give
(For, given to me, I give to whom I please),
No trifle; yet with this reserve, not else-
On this condition, if thou wilt fall down,
And worship me as thy superior Lord
(Easily done), and hold them all of me;
For what can less so great a gift deserve?"Whom thus our Saviour answered with disdain:-"I never liked thy talk, thy offers less;
Now both abhor, since thou hast dared to utter
The abominable terms, impious condition.
But I endure the time, till which expired
Thou hast permission on me.It is written,
The first of all commandments, 'Thou shalt worship
The Lord thy God, and only Him shalt serve.'
And dar'st thou to the Son of God propound
To worship thee, accursed? now more accursed
For this attempt, bolder than that on Eve,And more blasphemous; which expect to rue.
The kingdoms of the world to thee were given!
Permitted rather, and by thee usurped;
Other donation none thou canst produce.
If given, by whom but by the King of kings,
God over all supreme?If given to thee,
By thee how fairly is the Giver now
Repaid!But gratitude in thee is lost
Long since.Wert thou so void of fear or shame
As offer them to me, the Son of God-To me my own, on such abhorred pact,
That I fall down and worship thee as God?
Get thee behind me!Plain thou now appear'st
That Evil One, Satan for ever damned."To whom the Fiend, with fear abashed, replied:-
"Be not so sore offended, Son of God-
Though Sons of God both Angels are and Men-
If I, to try whether in higher sort
Than these thou bear'st that title, have proposed
What both from Men and Angels I receive,Tetrarchs of Fire, Air, Flood, and on the Earth
Nations besides from all the quartered winds-
God of this World invoked, and World beneath.
Who then thou art, whose coming is foretold
To me most fatal, me it most concerns.
The trial hath indamaged thee no way,
Rather more honour left and more esteem;
Me naught advantaged, missing what I aimed.
Therefore let pass, as they are transitory,
The kingdoms of this world; I shall no moreAdvise thee; gain them as thou canst, or not.
And thou thyself seem'st otherwise inclined
Than to a worldly crown, addicted more
To contemplation and profound dispute;
As by that early action may be judged,
When, slipping from thy mother's eye, thou went'st
Alone into the Temple, there wast found
Among the gravest Rabbies, disputant
On points and questions fitting Moses' chair,
Teaching, not taught.The childhood shews the man,As morning shews the day.Be famous, then,
By wisdom; as thy empire must extend,
So let extend thy mind o'er all the world
In knowledge; all things in it comprehend.
All knowledge is not couched in Moses' law,
The Pentateuch, or what the Prophets wrote;
The Gentiles also know, and write, and teach
To admiration, led by Nature's light;
And with the Gentiles much thou must converse,
Ruling them by persuasion, as thou mean'st.Without their learning, how wilt thou with them,
Or they with thee, hold conversation meet?
How wilt thou reason with them, how refute
Their idolisms, traditions, paradoxes?
Error by his own arms is best evinced.
Look once more, ere we leave this specular mount,
Westward, much nearer by south-west; behold
Where on the AEgean shore a city stands,
Built nobly, pure the air and light the soil-
Athens, the eye of Greece, mother of artsAnd Eloquence, native to famous wits
Or hospitable, in her sweet recess,
City or suburban, studious walks and shades.
See there the olive-grove of Academe,
Plato's retirement, where the Attic bird
Trills her thick-warbled notes the summer long;
There, flowery hill, Hymettus, with the sound
Of bees' industrious murmur, oft invites
To studious musing; there Ilissus rowls
His whispering stream.Within the walls then viewThe schools of ancient sages-his who bred
Great Alexander to subdue the world,
Lyceum there; and painted Stoa next.
There thou shalt hear and learn the secret power
Of harmony, in tones and numbers hit
By voice or hand, and various-measured verse,
AEolian charms and Dorian lyric odes,
And his who gave them breath, but higher sung,
Blind Melesigenes, thence Homer called,
Whose poem Phoebus challenged for his own.Thence what the lofty grave Tragedians taught
In chorus or iambic, teachers best
Of moral prudence, with delight received
In brief sententious precepts, while they treat
Of fate, and chance, and change in human life,
High actions and high passions best describing.
Thence to the famous Orators repair,
Those ancient whose resistless eloquence
Wielded at will that fierce democraty,
Shook the Arsenal, and fulmined over GreeceTo Macedon and Artaxerxes' throne.
To sage Philosophy next lend thine ear,
From heaven descended to the low-roofed house
Of Socrates-see there his tenement-
Whom, well inspired, the Oracle pronounced
Wisest of men; from whose mouth issued forth
Mellifluous streams, that watered all the schools
Of Academics old and new, with those
Surnamed Peripatetics, and the sect
Epicurean, and the Stoic severe.These here revolve, or, as thou likest, at home,
Till time mature thee to a kingdom's weight;
These rules will render thee a king complete
Within thyself, much more with empire joined."To whom our Saviour sagely thus replied:-
"Think not but that I know these things; or, think
I know them not, not therefore am I short
Of knowing what I ought.He who receives
Light from above, from the Fountain of Light,
No other doctrine needs, though granted true;But these are false, or little else but dreams,
Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm.
The first and wisest of them all professed
To know this only, that he nothing knew;
The next to fabling fell and smooth conceits;
A third sort doubted all things, though plain sense;
Others in virtue placed felicity,
But virtue joined with riches and long life;
In corporal pleasure he, and careless ease;
The Stoic last in philosophic pride,By him called virtue, and his virtuous man,
Wise, perfect in himself, and all possessing,
Equal to God, oft shames not to prefer,
As fearing God nor man, contemning all
Wealth, pleasure, pain or torment, death and life-
Which, when he lists, he leaves, or boasts he can;
For all his tedious talk is but vain boast,
Or subtle shifts conviction to evade.
Alas! what can they teach, and not mislead,
Ignorant of themselves, of God much more,And how the World began, and how Man fell,
Degraded by himself, on grace depending?
Much of the Soul they talk, but all awry;
And in themselves seek virtue; and to themselves
All glory arrogate, to God give none;
Rather accuse him under usual names,
Fortune and Fate, as one regardless quite
Of mortal things.Who, therefore, seeks in these
True wisdom finds her not, or, by delusion
Far worse, her false resemblance only meets,An empty cloud.However, many books,
Wise men have said, are wearisome; who reads
Incessantly, and to his reading brings not
A spirit and judgment equal or superior,
(And what he brings what needs he elsewhere seek?)
Uncertain and unsettled still remains,
Deep-versed in books and shallow in himself,
Crude or intoxicate, collecting toys
And trifles for choice matters, worth a sponge,
As children gathering pebbles on the shore.Or, if I would delight my private hours
With music or with poem, where so soon
As in our native language can I find
That solace?All our Law and Story strewed
With hymns, our Psalms with artful terms inscribed,
Our Hebrew songs and harps, in Babylon
That pleased so well our victor's ear, declare
That rather Greece from us these arts derived-
Ill imitated while they loudest sing
The vices of their deities, and their own,In fable, hymn, or song, so personating
Their gods ridiculous, and themselves past shame.
Remove their swelling epithetes, thick-laid
As varnish on a harlot's cheek, the rest,
Thin-sown with aught of profit or delight,
Will far be found unworthy to compare
With Sion's songs, to all true tastes excelling,
Where God is praised aright and godlike men,
The Holiest of Holies and his Saints
(Such are from God inspired, not such from thee);Unless where moral virtue is expressed
By light of Nature, not in all quite lost.
Their orators thou then extoll'st as those
The top of eloquence-statists indeed,
And lovers of their country, as may seem;
But herein to our Prophets far beneath,
As men divinely taught, and better teaching
The solid rules of civil government,
In their majestic, unaffected style,
Than all the oratory of Greece and Rome.In them is plainest taught, and easiest learnt,
What makes a nation happy, and keeps it so,
What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat;
These only, with our Law, best form a king."So spake the Son of God; but Satan, now
Quite at a loss (for all his darts were spent),
Thus to our Saviour, with stern brow, replied:-"Since neither wealth nor honour, arms nor arts,
Kingdom nor empire, pleases thee, nor aught
By me proposed in life contemplativeOr active, tended on by glory or fame,
What dost thou in this world?The Wilderness
For thee is fittest place: I found thee there,
And thither will return thee.Yet remember
What I foretell thee; soon thou shalt have cause
To wish thou never hadst rejected, thus
Nicely or cautiously, my offered aid,
Which would have set thee in short time with ease
On David's throne, or throne of all the world,
Now at full age, fulness of time, thy season,When prophecies of thee are best fulfilled.
Now, contrary-if I read aught in heaven,
Or heaven write aught of fate-by what the stars
Voluminous, or single characters
In their conjunction met, give me to spell,
Sorrows and labours, opposition, hate,
Attends thee; scorns, reproaches, injuries,
Violence and stripes, and, lastly, cruel death.
A kingdom they portend thee, but what kingdom,
Real or allegoric, I discern not;Nor when: eternal sure-as without end,
Without beginning; for no date prefixed
Directs me in the starry rubric set."So saying, he took (for still he knew his power
Not yet expired), and to the Wilderness
Brought back, the Son of God, and left him there,
Feigning to disappear.Darkness now rose,
As daylight sunk, and brought in louring Night,
Her shadowy offspring, unsubstantial both,
Privation mere of light and absent day.Our Saviour, meek, and with untroubled mind
After hisaerie jaunt, though hurried sore,
Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest,
Wherever, under some concourse of shades,
Whose branching arms thick intertwined might shield
From dews and damps of night his sheltered head;
But, sheltered, slept in vain; for at his head
The Tempter watched, and soon with ugly dreams
Disturbed his sleep.And either tropic now
'Gan thunder, and both ends of heaven; the cloudsFrom many a horrid rift abortive poured
Fierce rain with lightning mixed, water with fire,
In ruin reconciled; nor slept the winds
Within their stony caves, but rushed abroad
From the four hinges of the world, and fell
On the vexed wilderness, whose tallest pines,
Though rooted deep as high, and sturdiest oaks,
Bowed their stiff necks, loaden with stormy blasts,
Or torn up sheer.Ill wast thou shrouded then,
O patient Son of God, yet only stood'stUnshaken!Nor yet staid the terror there:
Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round
Environed thee; some howled, some yelled, some shrieked,
Some bent at thee their fiery darts, while thou
Sat'st unappalled in calm and sinless peace.
Thus passed the night so foul, till Morning fair
Came forth with pilgrim steps, in amice grey,
Who with her radiant finger stilled the roar
Of thunder, chased the clouds, and laid the winds,
And griesly spectres, which the Fiend had raisedTo tempt the Son of God with terrors dire.
And now the sun with more effectual beams
Had cheered the face of earth, and dried the wet
From drooping plant, or dropping tree; the birds,
Who all things now behold more fresh and green,
After a night of storm so ruinous,
Cleared up their choicest notes in bush and spray,
To gratulate the sweet return of morn.
Nor yet, amidst this joy and brightest morn,
Was absent, after all his mischief done,The Prince of Darkness; glad would also seem
Of this fair change, and to our Saviour came;
Yet with no new device (they all were spent),
Rather by this his last affront resolved,
Desperate of better course, to vent his rage
And mad despite to be so oft repelled.
Him walking on a sunny hill he found,
Backed on the north and west by a thick wood;
Out of the wood he starts in wonted shape,
And in a careless mood thus to him said:-"Fair morning yet betides thee, Son of God,
After a dismal night.I heard the wrack,
As earth and sky would mingle; but myself
Was distant; and these flaws, though mortals fear them,
As dangerous to the pillared frame of Heaven,
Or to the Earth's dark basis underneath,
Are to the main as inconsiderable
And harmless, if not wholesome, as a sneeze
To man's less universe, and soon are gone.
Yet, as being ofttimes noxious where they lightOn man, beast, plant, wasteful and turbulent,
Like turbulencies in the affairs of men,
Over whose heads they roar, and seem to point,
They oft fore-signify and threaten ill.
This tempest at this desert most was bent;
Of men at thee, for only thou here dwell'st.
Did I not tell thee, if thou didst reject
The perfect season offered with my aid
To win thy destined seat, but wilt prolong
All to the push of fate, pursue thy wayOf gaining David's throne no man knows when
(For both the when and how is nowhere told),
Thou shalt be what thou art ordained, no doubt;
For Angels have proclaimed it, but concealing
The time and means?Each act is rightliest done
Not when it must, but when it may be best.
If thou observe not this, be sure to find
What I foretold thee-many a hard assay
Of dangers, and adversities, and pains,
Ere thou of Israel's sceptre get fast hold;Whereof this ominous night that closed thee round,
So many terrors, voices, prodigies,
May warn thee, as a sure foregoing sign."So talked he, while the Son of God went on,
And staid not, but in brief him answered thus:-"Me worse than wet thou find'st not; other harm
Those terrors which thou speak'st of did me none.
I never feared they could, though noising loud
And threatening nigh: what they can do as signs
Betokening or ill-boding I contemnAs false portents, not sent from God, but thee;
Who, knowing I shall reign past thy preventing,
Obtrud'st thy offered aid, that I, accepting,
At least might seem to hold all power of thee,
Ambitious Spirit! and would'st be thought my God;
And storm'st, refused, thinking to terrify
Me to thy will!Desist (thou art discerned,
And toil'st in vain), nor me in vain molest."To whom the Fiend, now swoln with rage, replied:-
"Then hear, O Son of David, virgin-born!For Son of God to me is yet in doubt.
Of the Messiah I have heard foretold
By all the Prophets; of thy birth, at length
Announced by Gabriel, with the first I knew,
And of the angelic song in Bethlehem field,
On thy birth-night, that sung thee Saviour born.
From that time seldom have I ceased to eye
Thy infancy, thy childhood, and thy youth,
Thy manhood last, though yet in private bred;
Till, at the ford of Jordan, whither allFlocked to the Baptist, I among the rest
(Though not to be baptized), by voice from Heaven
Heard thee pronounced the Son of God beloved.
Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view
And narrower scrutiny, that I might learn
In what degree or meaning thou art called
The Son of God, which bears no single sense.
The Son of God I also am, or was;
And, if I was, I am; relation stands:
All men are Sons of God; yet thee I thoughtIn some respect far higher so declared.
Therefore I watched thy footsteps from that hour,
And followed thee still on to this waste wild,
Where, by all best conjectures, I collect
Thou art to be my fatal enemy.
Good reason, then, if I beforehand seek
To understand my adversary, who
And what he is; his wisdom, power, intent;
By parle or composition, truce or league,
To win him, or win from him what I can.And opportunity I here have had
To try thee, sift thee, and confess have found thee
Proof against all temptation, as a rock
Of adamant and as a centre, firm
To the utmost of mere man both wise and good,
Not more; for honours, riches, kingdoms, glory,
Have been before contemned, and may again.
Therefore, to know what more thou art than man,
Worth naming the Son of God by voice from Heaven,
Another method I must now begin."So saying, he caught him up, and, without wing
Of hippogrif, bore through the air sublime,
Over the wilderness and o'er the plain,
Till underneath them fair Jerusalem,
The Holy City, lifted high her towers,
And higher yet the glorious Temple reared
Her pile, far off appearing like a mount
Of alablaster, topt with golden spires:
There, on the highest pinnacle, he set
The Son of God, and added thus in scorn:-"There stand, if thou wilt stand; to stand upright
Will ask thee skill.I to thy Father's house
Have brought thee, and highest placed: highest is best.
Now shew thy progeny; if not to stand,
Cast thyself down.Safely, if Son of God;
For it is written, 'He will give command
Concerning thee to his Angels; in their hands
They shall uplift thee, lest at any time
Thou chance to dash thy foot against a stone.'"To whom thus Jesus: "Also it is written,'Tempt not the Lord thy God.'"He said, and stood;
But Satan, smitten with amazement, fell.
As when Earth's son, Antaeus (to compare
Small things with greatest), in Irassa strove
With Jove's Alcides, and, oft foiled, still rose,
Receiving from his mother Earth new strength,
Fresh from his fall, and fiercer grapple joined,
Throttled at length in the air expired and fell,
So, after many a foil, the Tempter proud,
Renewing fresh assaults, amidst his prideFell whence he stood to see his victor fall;
And, as that Theban monster that proposed
Her riddle, and him who solved it not devoured,
That once found out and solved, for grief and spite
Cast herself headlong from the Ismenian steep,
So, strook with dread and anguish, fell the Fiend,
And to his crew, that sat consulting, brought
Joyless triumphals of his hoped success,
Ruin, and desperation, and dismay,
Who durst so proudly tempt the Son of God.So Satan fell; and straight a fiery globe
Of Angels on full sail of wing flew nigh,
Who on their plumy vans received Him soft
From his uneasy station, and upbore,
As on a floating couch, through the blithe air;
Then, in a flowery valley, set him down
On a green bank, and set before him spread
A table of celestial food, divine
Ambrosial fruits fetched from the Tree of Life,
And from the Fount of Life ambrosial drink,That soon refreshed him wearied, and repaired
What hunger, if aught hunger, had impaired,
Or thirst; and, as he fed, Angelic quires
Sung heavenly anthems of his victory
Over temptation and the Tempter proud:-"True Image of the Father, whether throned
In the bosom of bliss, and light of light
Conceiving, or, remote from Heaven, enshrined
In fleshly tabernacle and human form,
Wandering the wilderness-whatever place,Habit, or state, or motion, still expressing
The Son of God, with Godlike force endued
Against the attempter of thy Father's throne
And thief of Paradise!Him long of old
Thou didst debel, and down from Heaven cast
With all his army; now thou hast avenged
Supplanted Adam, and, by vanquishing
Temptation, hast regained lost Paradise,
And frustrated the conquest fraudulent.
He never more henceforth will dare set footIn paradise to tempt; his snares are broke.
For, though that seat of earthly bliss be failed,
A fairer Paradise is founded now
For Adam and his chosen sons, whom thou,
A Saviour, art come down to reinstall;
Where they shall dwell secure, when time shall be,
Of tempter and temptation without fear.
But thou, Infernal Serpent! shalt not long
Rule in the clouds.Like an autumnal star,
Or lightning, thou shalt fall from Heaven, trod downUnder his feet.For proof, ere this thou feel'st
Thy wound (yet not thy last and deadliest wound)
By this repulse received, and hold'st in Hell
No triumph; in all her gates Abaddon rues
Thy bold attempt.Hereafter learn with awe
To dread the Son of God.He, all unarmed,
Shall chase thee, with the terror of his voice,
From thy demoniac holds, possession foul-
Thee and thy legions; yelling they shall fly,
And beg to hide them in a herd of swine,Lest he command them down into the Deep,
Bound, and to torment sent before their time.
Hail, Son of the Most High, heir of both Worlds,
Queller of Satan!On thy glorious work
Now enter, and begin to save Mankind."Thus they the Son of God, our Saviour meek,
Sung victor, and, from heavenly feast refreshed,
Brought on his way with joy.He, unobserved,
Home to his mother's house private returned.THE END

Editor 1 Interpretation

Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book

Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book is a masterpiece of poetry written by the English poet John Milton. The poem is a continuation of his earlier work, Paradise Lost, which dealt with the fall of man and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Paradise Regained, on the other hand, tells the story of Jesus' temptation in the wilderness, as recorded in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. The poem is a profound meditation on the nature of temptation, the meaning of redemption, and the power of faith.

The Structure of the Poem

Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book is divided into four sections, each of which consists of a dialogue between Jesus and Satan. The first section begins with Satan's temptation of Jesus to turn stones into bread, and ends with Jesus' rejection of this temptation. The second section features Satan's temptation of Jesus to jump off the pinnacle of the temple, and Jesus' refusal to do so. The third section concerns Satan's temptation of Jesus to worship him, and Jesus' categorical rejection of this offer. The final section, the most powerful and moving of the four, describes Satan's final temptation of Jesus to embrace worldly power and glory, and Jesus' triumphant resistance.

The Language of the Poem

The language of Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book is as majestic and powerful as that of Paradise Lost. Milton's use of blank verse, a form of poetry that does not rhyme but that maintains a strict metrical pattern, gives the poem a sense of grandeur and solemnity. The poem is filled with images of light and darkness, of good and evil, of heaven and hell. The language is often biblical in tone, with echoes of the King James Bible and other religious texts. Milton's use of language is masterful, and his ability to convey complex ideas and emotions through poetry is unparalleled.

The Themes of the Poem

The themes of Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book are many and varied. One of the most important themes is the nature of temptation. Satan, the embodiment of evil, tempts Jesus in a variety of ways, but Jesus resists all of his temptations. Through Jesus' example, Milton shows us that temptation is a necessary part of human life, but that it can be overcome through faith and dedication.

Another important theme of the poem is the nature of redemption. Jesus' ability to resist Satan's temptations is a sign of his divine nature and his role as the savior of humanity. Through his actions, Jesus demonstrates that redemption is possible, even for the most sinful of human beings.

Finally, the poem is a meditation on the power of faith. Jesus' unwavering faith in his mission and his commitment to his father's will allow him to overcome all of Satan's temptations. Milton shows us that faith is a powerful force that can overcome even the strongest of human weaknesses.

The Significance of the Poem

Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book is a significant work of literature for a number of reasons. First, it is a continuation of Milton's earlier work, Paradise Lost, and as such it provides a valuable insight into Milton's worldview and his understanding of the nature of good and evil.

Second, the poem is a profound meditation on the nature of redemption, and it offers a powerful message of hope and salvation to readers. Through his depiction of Jesus' resistance to temptation, Milton shows us that it is possible to overcome even the most insidious of sins through faith and dedication.

Finally, the language and imagery of the poem are beautiful and powerful, and they offer a rich and complex reading experience. Milton's use of blank verse is masterful, and his ability to convey complex ideas and emotions through poetry is unparalleled.

Conclusion

Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book is a masterpiece of poetry that offers a profound meditation on the nature of temptation, redemption, and faith. Milton's use of language and imagery is masterful, and his depictions of Satan's temptations and Jesus' resistance are powerful and moving. The poem is a valuable contribution to English literature, and it continues to inspire and enlighten readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book by John Milton is a masterpiece of literature that has stood the test of time. This epic poem is a continuation of Milton's earlier work, Paradise Lost, and it explores the theme of redemption through the story of Jesus Christ. In this article, we will analyze and explain the fourth book of Paradise Regained, highlighting its key themes, literary devices, and historical context.

The fourth book of Paradise Regained is divided into two parts. The first part is a dialogue between Satan and Jesus, while the second part is a retelling of the temptation of Christ in the wilderness. The dialogue between Satan and Jesus is a fascinating exchange that reveals the character of both figures. Satan is portrayed as cunning and manipulative, while Jesus is depicted as wise and steadfast.

The dialogue begins with Satan trying to tempt Jesus by offering him power and glory. Satan tells Jesus that he can make him the ruler of the world if he worships him. However, Jesus sees through Satan's deception and rebukes him, saying, "Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve" (4.347-348). This exchange highlights the theme of temptation and the importance of resisting temptation in order to achieve redemption.

The second part of the book retells the temptation of Christ in the wilderness. This story is a powerful allegory that explores the theme of redemption through the story of Jesus. The wilderness represents the world, and the temptations that Jesus faces represent the temptations that all humans face in their lives. The first temptation is the temptation of the flesh, where Satan tempts Jesus to turn stones into bread. The second temptation is the temptation of power, where Satan offers Jesus the kingdoms of the world if he worships him. The third temptation is the temptation of pride, where Satan tempts Jesus to jump off a cliff and prove that he is the Son of God.

In each of these temptations, Jesus resists Satan's offers and remains steadfast in his faith. This demonstrates the importance of resisting temptation and staying true to one's beliefs in order to achieve redemption. The story also highlights the power of faith and the importance of trusting in God's plan.

Milton's use of literary devices in Paradise Regained is masterful. The poem is written in blank verse, which gives it a sense of grandeur and importance. The use of allusions to biblical stories and characters adds depth and richness to the poem. For example, the dialogue between Satan and Jesus is reminiscent of the temptation of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. This allusion adds layers of meaning to the story and highlights the theme of redemption.

Milton also uses imagery to great effect in Paradise Regained. The wilderness is described as a barren and desolate place, which represents the emptiness and despair that humans can feel when they are separated from God. The use of light and darkness imagery is also significant. When Satan tempts Jesus, he does so in the darkness. This represents the evil and deception that Satan embodies. In contrast, when Jesus resists Satan's temptations, he does so in the light. This represents the truth and righteousness that Jesus embodies.

The historical context of Paradise Regained is also important to consider. Milton wrote the poem during a time of political and religious upheaval in England. The country was divided between Catholics and Protestants, and there was a struggle for power between the monarchy and parliament. Milton was a Puritan, and he believed that the Church of England was corrupt. He saw the struggle for power as a reflection of the struggle between good and evil in the world.

Paradise Regained can be seen as a response to this political and religious turmoil. The poem explores the theme of redemption through the story of Jesus, and it offers a message of hope and faith in the face of adversity. Milton's use of biblical allusions and imagery adds depth and richness to the poem, and his use of blank verse gives it a sense of grandeur and importance.

In conclusion, Poetry Paradise Regained: The Fourth Book by John Milton is a masterpiece of literature that explores the theme of redemption through the story of Jesus. The dialogue between Satan and Jesus highlights the importance of resisting temptation, while the retelling of the temptation of Christ in the wilderness demonstrates the power of faith and the importance of staying true to one's beliefs. Milton's use of literary devices and historical context adds depth and richness to the poem, making it a timeless work of art that continues to inspire and enlighten readers today.

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