'Helen' by H.D.


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All Greece hates
the still eyes in the white face,
the lustre of the olives
where she stands,
and the white hands.All Greece reviles
the wan face when she smiles,
hating it deeper still
when it grows wan and white,
remembering past enchantments
and past ills.Greece sees unmoved,
God's daughter, born of love,
the beauty of cool feet
and slenderest knees,
could love indeed the maid,
only if she were laid,
white ash amid funeral cypresses.

Editor 1 Interpretation

A Deep Dive into H.D.'s "Helen"

Have you ever read a poem that transports you to another world and time? H.D.'s "Helen" is one such poem. It is a work of art that captures the essence of beauty, seduction, and myth. In this essay, we will explore the poem in detail, analyzing its themes, structure, and literary devices.

Background

Before we delve into the poem, it is essential to understand its context. H.D., also known as Hilda Doolittle, was a modernist poet who wrote during the early 20th century. She was born in 1886 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and died in 1961. She was a contemporary of famous poets like T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound.

H.D.'s poetry was heavily influenced by her interest in Greek mythology and literature. She often explored themes of love, beauty, and nature in her works. "Helen" is one such poem that showcases her fascination with mythology and beauty.

Themes

The central theme of "Helen" is beauty and its power. The poem is an ode to Helen of Troy, a mythical figure known for her beauty and seduction. H.D. describes Helen as "the face that launched a thousand ships," emphasizing the power of her beauty.

The poem also explores the darker side of beauty. H.D. writes, "the world-well lost for love and lust," suggesting that Helen's beauty led to destruction and chaos. The poem raises questions about the morality of beauty and its consequences.

Another theme that runs throughout the poem is the idea of myth and legend. H.D. uses Helen as a symbol of the power of myth and the enduring nature of stories. The poem suggests that even centuries after her existence, Helen's beauty and story continue to captivate and inspire.

Structure

"Helen" is a sonnet, a form of poetry that originated in Italy during the Renaissance. It is a 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and structure. H.D.'s "Helen" follows the traditional structure of a sonnet, consisting of three quatrains and a final couplet.

The rhyme scheme of the poem is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. This structure gives the poem a sense of formality and control, which contrasts with the chaotic nature of the themes.

Literary Devices

H.D. uses a variety of literary devices to explore the themes of the poem. One of the most significant devices is metaphor. The poem is full of metaphors that describe Helen's beauty, comparing her to "a fire upon the hearth," "a star ablaze," and "a flame that cannot die." These metaphors emphasize the power and intensity of Helen's beauty.

Another literary device that H.D. employs is personification. She personifies Helen's beauty, describing it as "a light inextinguishable" and "a torch that passes from hand to hand." By personifying beauty, the poem suggests that it has a life of its own and can exist independently of the person it belongs to.

H.D. also employs allusion in the poem. She references Greek mythology and literature, invoking the story of Helen of Troy and the works of Homer. This allusion gives the poem a sense of depth and history, connecting it to a broader cultural tradition.

Analysis

"Helen" is a complex poem that requires close reading to understand fully. At its core, the poem is about the power of beauty and its consequences. H.D. uses Helen as a symbol of this theme, describing her beauty in extravagant metaphors and personifications.

The poem also raises questions about the morality of beauty. H.D. suggests that Helen's beauty led to destruction and chaos, and that the world was "lost for love and lust." This idea challenges the traditional view of beauty as a positive quality and suggests that it can have negative consequences.

The use of allusion in the poem adds another layer of meaning. By invoking the story of Helen of Troy, H.D. connects her poem to a broader cultural tradition. The use of myth and legend in the poem suggests that beauty has been a timeless and enduring theme throughout human history.

The structure of the poem, with its formality and control, contrasts with the chaotic nature of the themes. This contrast emphasizes the tension between beauty and its consequences, and suggests that there is a delicate balance between the two.

Conclusion

In conclusion, H.D.'s "Helen" is a masterpiece of modernist poetry that explores the themes of beauty and its power. The poem uses metaphors, personification, and allusion to create a complex and layered work of art. By invoking the story of Helen of Troy, H.D. connects her poem to a broader cultural tradition and suggests that beauty has been a timeless and enduring theme throughout human history.

The poem raises questions about the morality of beauty and its consequences, challenging traditional views of beauty as a positive quality. The use of formality and control in the structure of the poem adds another layer of meaning, emphasizing the tension between beauty and its consequences. Overall, "Helen" is a work of art that captures the essence of beauty and myth, and continues to captivate and inspire readers today.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Helen by H.D.: A Poetic Masterpiece

H.D.’s poem “Helen” is a classic piece of literature that has been analyzed and celebrated for decades. This poem is a beautiful and complex exploration of the mythological figure of Helen of Troy, and the way that she has been portrayed throughout history. In this analysis, we will delve into the themes, imagery, and language used in “Helen,” and explore why this poem has stood the test of time.

The poem begins with the speaker describing Helen as “all Greece hates” (line 1). This line sets the tone for the rest of the poem, as it immediately establishes the idea that Helen is a controversial figure. The speaker goes on to describe Helen’s beauty, saying that “her beauty is like the edge of a knife” (line 2). This metaphor is powerful, as it suggests that Helen’s beauty is both dangerous and sharp. The speaker then describes the way that Helen’s beauty has caused wars and destruction, saying that “all Greece is her dowry” (line 3). This line is particularly interesting, as it suggests that Helen’s beauty is not just a personal attribute, but a commodity that can be traded and fought over.

As the poem continues, the speaker explores the idea that Helen’s beauty is not just a physical attribute, but a symbol of something greater. The speaker says that Helen’s beauty is “the top of a tower” (line 5), which suggests that it is a lofty and unattainable ideal. The speaker also describes Helen’s beauty as “the light that never was on sea or land” (line 6), which suggests that it is a divine and otherworldly quality. These descriptions of Helen’s beauty elevate it beyond the realm of the physical, and suggest that it is a symbol of something greater than just a pretty face.

One of the most interesting aspects of “Helen” is the way that it explores the idea of perception. The speaker acknowledges that Helen’s beauty has caused wars and destruction, but also suggests that this perception of her is not entirely accurate. The speaker says that “it was not her beauty that launched a thousand ships” (line 9), which suggests that there is more to Helen than just her physical appearance. The speaker goes on to describe Helen as “a phantom of delight” (line 11), which suggests that she is not a real person, but a figment of the imagination. This idea of Helen as a phantom or a mythological figure is reinforced throughout the poem, as the speaker describes her as “a dream of flesh and blood” (line 13) and “a shadow of silvern smoke” (line 14). These descriptions suggest that Helen is not a real person, but a symbol or a myth.

The imagery used in “Helen” is particularly powerful, and helps to reinforce the themes of the poem. The speaker describes Helen’s beauty as “the face that launched a thousand ships” (line 9), which is a reference to the Trojan War. This image is powerful, as it suggests that Helen’s beauty was the cause of a great conflict that lasted for years. The speaker also describes Helen’s beauty as “the apple of discord” (line 15), which is another reference to the Trojan War. This image suggests that Helen’s beauty was the source of a great deal of strife and discord, and reinforces the idea that she is a controversial figure.

The language used in “Helen” is also particularly striking. The poem is written in free verse, which gives the speaker a great deal of flexibility in terms of structure and form. The language is often poetic and lyrical, with lines like “her beauty is like the night” (line 2) and “her face is Helen’s mirror” (line 8) standing out as particularly beautiful. The use of repetition is also effective, with the phrase “Helen, thy beauty is to me” (line 12) repeated several times throughout the poem. This repetition reinforces the idea that Helen’s beauty is a central theme of the poem, and helps to create a sense of rhythm and flow.

In conclusion, “Helen” by H.D. is a beautiful and complex exploration of the mythological figure of Helen of Troy. The poem explores the themes of beauty, perception, and myth, and uses powerful imagery and language to reinforce these themes. The poem is a testament to the enduring power of myth and legend, and has stood the test of time as a classic piece of literature.

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