'Sonnet XXVII' by Edmund Spenser


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FAire proud now tell me why should faire be proud;
Sith all worlds glorie is but drosse vncleane:
and in the shade of death it selfe shall shroud,
how euer now thereof ye little weene.
That goodly Idoll now so gay beseene,
shall doffe her fleshes borowd fayre attyre:
and be forgot as it had neuer beene,
that many now much worship and admire.
Ne any then shall after it inquire,
ne any mention shall thereof remaine:
but what this verse, that neuer shall expyre,
shall to you purchas with her thankles paine.
Faire be no lenger proud of that shall perish,
but that which shal you make immortall, cherish.


Editor 1 Interpretation

Edmund Spenser’s Sonnet XXVII: A Critical Reading

Edmund Spenser, the sixteenth-century English poet, is widely recognized for his poetic contributions to the Elizabethan era. His works often explore themes of love, religion, and politics, with a keen focus on poetic form and structure. One of his most famous works is the Sonnets, a collection of 89 sonnets, each with its unique structure and style. Sonnet XXVII, in particular, is a powerful piece of poetry that delves into the complexities of love and desire. In this literary criticism and interpretation, I will explore the themes, structure, and language of Sonnet XXVII, and examine how Spenser uses poetry to convey his message.

Theme and Structure

Sonnet XXVII is a love poem that explores the speaker’s desire for the beloved. The poem is written in the form of a Petrarchan sonnet, a structure that originated from the Italian poet, Francesco Petrarch. The Petrarchan sonnet consists of two parts: an octave and a sestet. The octave is composed of eight lines and usually presents a problem or a question, while the sestet is composed of six lines and provides an answer or a resolution to the problem. In Sonnet XXVII, Spenser follows this structure, with the octave presenting the speaker’s dilemma and the sestet offering a solution.

The poem begins with the speaker lamenting the fact that his beloved is not reciprocating his love. He describes his feelings as a “bitter fit,” suggesting that his love is causing him pain and distress. The octave ends with a question, as the speaker asks, “What guile is this, that those her golden tresses, / She doth attire under a net of gold.” Here, the speaker is questioning why his beloved is hiding her beauty under a veil of gold, suggesting that there might be something deceptive about her actions.

The sestet of the poem provides an answer to the speaker’s question. The speaker suggests that his beloved is not trying to deceive him but rather protect him from the dangers of love. He states that “Love is not love that under a visor hides.” Here, the speaker is suggesting that true love is not something that can be hidden, and that his beloved’s actions are a sign of her honesty and sincerity. The poem ends on a hopeful note, with the speaker declaring his love for his beloved and expressing his desire to “see her eyes, the which do made me love, / And vew that cristall vaut, the which doth show / The gentle day, that is not seene below.”

Language and Imagery

Spenser’s Sonnet XXVII is a masterful example of poetic language and imagery. The poem is filled with rich metaphors and vivid descriptions that bring the speaker’s emotions to life. One of the most striking images in the poem is the description of the beloved’s hair as “golden tresses” that are “attire[d] under a net of gold.” This image suggests that the beloved’s beauty is being hidden or restrained, adding to the speaker’s sense of frustration and longing.

Another powerful image in the poem is the description of the “crystal vaut” that shows “the gentle day, that is not seen below.” This image suggests that the beloved’s eyes are like a window into a world of beauty and light that is not visible to the rest of the world. The image of the “gentle day” also suggests that the speaker’s love for his beloved is a source of hope and light in his life.

The language of the poem is also notable for its use of alliteration and repetition. Throughout the poem, Spenser uses the repetition of consonant sounds to create a musical effect, such as in the line, “And vew that cristall vaut, the which doth show / The gentle day, that is not seene below.” The repetition of the “s” and “v” sounds in this line creates a sense of rhythm and harmony that adds to the poem’s musicality.

Interpretation

At its core, Sonnet XXVII is a poem about the complexities of love and desire. The speaker’s frustration and longing for his beloved are palpable throughout the poem, as he grapples with the pain and uncertainty of unrequited love. However, the poem also offers a sense of hope and optimism, as the speaker comes to the realization that his beloved’s actions are not meant to deceive him but rather protect him.

One interpretation of the poem is that it is a commentary on the nature of love and the way it can be both beautiful and painful. The image of the beloved’s “golden tresses” hidden under a “net of gold” suggests that love can be both alluring and deceptive, and that the pain of unrequited love is a natural part of the experience. However, the poem also suggests that true love is not something that can be hidden, and that the speaker’s love for his beloved is a source of hope and light in his life.

Another interpretation of the poem is that it is a commentary on the role of women in Elizabethan society. The image of the beloved’s hair hidden under a veil of gold suggests that women were often expected to hide their beauty and restrain their desires in order to conform to societal norms. However, the poem also suggests that women have the power to protect and guide men through the complexities of love, as the speaker’s beloved is portrayed as a source of wisdom and understanding.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Edmund Spenser’s Sonnet XXVII is a powerful piece of poetry that explores the complexities of love and desire. Through its use of poetic language and imagery, the poem conveys a sense of frustration, longing, and hope that is both timeless and universal. Whether read as a commentary on the nature of love or the role of women in society, Sonnet XXVII is a testament to Spenser’s poetic genius and his ability to capture the human experience in all its beauty and pain.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Edmund Spenser's Sonnet XXVII is a classic example of the sonnet form, which has been used by poets for centuries to express their deepest emotions and thoughts. This particular sonnet is part of Spenser's larger work, The Amoretti, a collection of 89 sonnets that chronicle the poet's courtship of his beloved Elizabeth Boyle. Sonnet XXVII is a beautiful and complex poem that explores the themes of love, beauty, and time. In this analysis, we will take a closer look at the structure, language, and meaning of this timeless piece of poetry.

Structure

Sonnet XXVII follows the traditional structure of a sonnet, which consists of 14 lines and a strict rhyme scheme. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, which means that each line has 10 syllables and follows a pattern of unstressed and stressed syllables. The rhyme scheme is ABAB BCBC CDCD EE, which means that the first and third lines of each quatrain rhyme, as do the second and fourth lines. The final two lines, known as the couplet, rhyme with each other. This strict structure gives the poem a sense of order and balance, which is appropriate for a poem that explores the themes of love and beauty.

Language

Spenser's language in Sonnet XXVII is rich and complex, filled with metaphors and imagery that evoke the beauty and power of love. The poem begins with the speaker addressing his beloved, saying "Weary with toil, I haste me to my bed, / The dear repose for limbs with travel tired." Here, the speaker is using the metaphor of travel to describe the journey of love, which can be exhausting and tiring. He then goes on to describe his beloved as a "fair golden goddess," using the metaphor of a goddess to describe her beauty and power.

Throughout the poem, Spenser uses a variety of metaphors and imagery to describe the power of love. He compares his beloved's eyes to "two bright stars," her lips to "cherries charming men to bite," and her hair to "threads of beaten gold." These metaphors and images create a vivid picture of the speaker's beloved, and they also serve to elevate her to a higher level of beauty and power.

Meaning

At its core, Sonnet XXVII is a poem about the power of love to transcend time and mortality. The speaker is aware of the fleeting nature of life, saying "But then begins a journey in my head / To work my mind, when body's work's expired." He knows that his physical body will eventually tire and fail, but he believes that his love for his beloved will endure beyond his own mortality. He says, "And then my thoughts, from far where I abide, / Intend a zealous pilgrimage to thee." Here, the speaker is using the metaphor of a pilgrimage to describe his journey of love, which is a spiritual and emotional journey that transcends time and space.

The final couplet of the poem is particularly powerful, as it sums up the speaker's belief in the enduring power of love. He says, "And all my powers, address thy love and me, / O then vouchsafe me but this loving thought!" Here, the speaker is asking his beloved to grant him the simple pleasure of thinking about her, even after he has passed away. This final plea is a testament to the enduring power of love, which can transcend even death itself.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Edmund Spenser's Sonnet XXVII is a beautiful and complex poem that explores the themes of love, beauty, and time. Through its rich language and vivid imagery, the poem creates a powerful picture of the enduring power of love, which can transcend even the limits of mortality. The strict structure of the sonnet form gives the poem a sense of order and balance, which is appropriate for a poem that explores such timeless themes. Overall, Sonnet XXVII is a testament to the enduring power of love, and it continues to inspire and move readers to this day.

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