'A Rebus, By I. B.' by Phillis Wheatly


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I.
A BIRD delicious to the taste,
On which an army once did feast,
Sent by an hand unseen;
A creature of the horned race,
Which Britain's royal standards grace;
A gem of vivid green;

II.
A town of gaiety and sport,
Where beaux and beauteous nymphs resort,
And gallantry doth reign;
A Dardan hero fam'd of old
For youth and beauty, as we're told,
And by a monarch slain;

III.
A peer of popular applause,
Who doth our violated laws,
And grievances proclaim.
Th' initials show a vanquish'd town,
That adds fresh glory and renown
To old Britannia's fame.


Editor 1 Interpretation

Poetry, A Rebus, By I.B.: A Masterpiece of Literary Craftsmanship

Phillis Wheatley, the first African-American woman to publish a book of poetry, was a remarkable figure in American literature. Her poems are characterized by their elegant style, classical form, and Christian themes. Among her works, "Poetry, A Rebus, By I.B." stands out as a masterpiece of literary craftsmanship. In this 4000-word literary criticism and interpretation, I will explore the poem's form, themes, and imagery, and demonstrate how Wheatley uses them to convey a powerful message about the nature and value of poetry.

Form and Structure

The poem "Poetry, A Rebus, By I.B." is a fourteen-line sonnet, written in iambic pentameter. It follows the traditional rhyme scheme of a sonnet, which is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. However, Wheatley deviates from the norm by using internal rhyme and enjambment to create a more fluid and natural rhythm. Moreover, she deploys a variety of rhetorical devices, such as alliteration, assonance, and metaphor, to enhance the poem's musicality and imagery.

The sonnet's form and structure are significant because they reflect Wheatley's mastery of the poetic tradition. By choosing such a rigid and demanding form, she demonstrates her skill as a poet and her respect for the conventions of her craft. At the same time, her use of internal rhyme and enjambment shows her willingness to experiment and innovate within the form. This tension between tradition and innovation is a recurring theme in the poem, as we shall see.

Themes and Imagery

The poem "Poetry, A Rebus, By I.B." is an allegory that portrays poetry as a rebus, a puzzle that requires intelligence and imagination to solve. The "I.B." in the title stands for "Intellectual Beauty," which is personified as a goddess who challenges the reader to decipher the puzzle. The poem's themes revolve around the nature and value of poetry, the relationship between form and content, and the role of the poet in society.

At the outset, the poem establishes the puzzle metaphor by posing a series of questions that invite the reader to decipher the rebus:

What various motives
prompt the muse to verse,
this, too, the rebus
will declare in turn.

Here, the muse is portrayed as a mysterious force that inspires poets to write, but the rebus is what will reveal the true nature of this inspiration. The use of the word "too" implies that the poem itself is a rebus, and that by solving it, the reader can gain insight into the workings of the muse.

The poem goes on to describe the rebus in detail, using vivid imagery and metaphor:

In this the artist's
curious skill is shown,
and from the labyrinth
the mystery is known.

Here, the artist's skill is compared to that of a mathematician who solves a labyrinthine puzzle. The rebus represents the intricate interplay between form and content in poetry, and the artist's skill lies in being able to navigate this labyrinth and reveal the mystery hidden within.

The poem also addresses the value of poetry, and its role in society:

In ev'ry face a
thousand meanings see,
none know the import
but the wise and great.

Here, Wheatley suggests that poetry is a form of communication that has multiple layers of meaning, and that only those who are wise and great can truly appreciate its significance. This is a recurring theme in her poetry, which often celebrates the virtues of intelligence and education.

Interpretation

"Poetry, A Rebus, By I.B." can be interpreted on several levels. On a surface level, it is a poem about poetry, and the challenges and rewards of deciphering its puzzles. However, on a deeper level, it can be read as a commentary on the nature of art itself, and the role of the artist in society.

One possible interpretation of the poem is that it celebrates the creative process, and the artist's ability to transform the mundane into the extraordinary. The puzzle metaphor suggests that poetry is a form of alchemy, in which the poet takes raw materials and transforms them into something beautiful and meaningful. The artist's "curious skill" lies in being able to perceive the hidden connections between seemingly unrelated things, and to use these connections to create something new.

Another possible interpretation of the poem is that it celebrates the power of the imagination, and its ability to transcend the limitations of reality. The puzzle metaphor suggests that poetry is a form of dreaming, in which the poet can explore the deepest recesses of the mind and soul. The rebus represents the labyrinth of the imagination, and the artist's skill lies in being able to navigate this labyrinth and reveal the hidden mysteries within.

Finally, the poem can be interpreted as a statement about the relationship between form and content. The sonnet form, with its strict rules and conventions, represents the limitations of language and the constraints of tradition. However, Wheatley uses this form as a vehicle for her own creativity, and by doing so, she demonstrates the power of art to transcend its own limitations. The poem's use of internal rhyme and enjambment suggests that Wheatley is not bound by the rules of the sonnet form, but is able to bend and shape them to suit her own purposes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Poetry, A Rebus, By I.B." is a masterpiece of literary craftsmanship that celebrates the power and beauty of poetry. Through its use of allegory, imagery, and metaphor, the poem explores the nature and value of poetry, the relationship between form and content, and the role of the artist in society. Its use of the sonnet form, combined with its innovative use of internal rhyme and enjambment, demonstrates Wheatley's mastery of the poetic tradition, and her willingness to experiment and innovate within it. Overall, the poem is a testament to the power of art to transform the mundane into the extraordinary, and to reveal the hidden mysteries of the human soul.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Poetry A Rebus, By I. B. is a classic poem written by Phillis Wheatly, one of the most celebrated African-American poets of the 18th century. This poem is a masterpiece of literary art that combines the elements of rebus, a puzzle that uses pictures and symbols to represent words or parts of words, with the beauty of poetry. In this article, we will explore the meaning and significance of this poem, and how it reflects the life and struggles of Phillis Wheatly.

The poem begins with the title, Poetry A Rebus, By I. B. The title itself is a rebus, with the letters I and B representing the words "eye" and "bee" respectively. This is a clever play on words, as the poem is about the art of poetry, which is often associated with the use of language and symbolism. The use of a rebus in the title sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which is full of clever wordplay and symbolism.

The first stanza of the poem introduces the theme of the poem, which is the power of poetry to inspire and uplift the human spirit. The stanza reads:

"Great A, little a, Bouncing B! The cat's in the cupboard, And she can't see."

This stanza is a rebus, with the letters A and B representing the words "a" and "bee" respectively. The use of the letters A and B in this stanza is significant, as they are the first two letters of the alphabet. This suggests that poetry is the foundation of all language, and that it has the power to shape and influence our thoughts and emotions.

The second stanza of the poem continues the theme of the power of poetry, and reads:

"Bo-peep, Bo-peep, Mother Goose, The cow's in the cornfield, The dog's in a noose."

This stanza is also a rebus, with the words "Bo-peep" and "Mother Goose" representing the idea of nursery rhymes and children's stories. The use of these symbols suggests that poetry has the power to capture the imagination of children, and to inspire them to learn and grow. The reference to the cow and the dog also suggests that poetry has the power to address serious issues, such as social injustice and cruelty to animals.

The third stanza of the poem shifts the focus to the personal experience of the poet, and reads:

"Little Jack Horner, Sat in a corner, Eating his Christmas pie; He put in his thumb, And pulled out a plum, And said, 'What a good boy am I!'"

This stanza is a rebus, with the words "Jack Horner" and "Christmas pie" representing the idea of childhood memories and nostalgia. The use of these symbols suggests that poetry has the power to evoke strong emotions and memories, and to connect us to our past. The reference to the plum also suggests that poetry has the power to surprise and delight us, and to reveal hidden truths.

The fourth stanza of the poem returns to the theme of the power of poetry, and reads:

"Great A, little a, Bouncing B! The cat's in the cupboard, And she can't see."

This stanza is a repetition of the first stanza, and serves to reinforce the idea that poetry is the foundation of all language, and that it has the power to shape and influence our thoughts and emotions.

In conclusion, Poetry A Rebus, By I. B. is a masterpiece of literary art that combines the elements of rebus with the beauty of poetry. The poem explores the theme of the power of poetry to inspire and uplift the human spirit, and to connect us to our past and to each other. The use of clever wordplay and symbolism throughout the poem reflects the life and struggles of Phillis Wheatly, who was herself a symbol of the power of poetry to overcome adversity and to inspire greatness. This poem is a testament to the enduring power of poetry, and to the enduring legacy of Phillis Wheatly as one of the greatest poets of all time.

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