'Goliath Of Gath' by Phillis Wheatly
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SAMUEL, Chap. xvii.
YE martial pow'rs, and all ye tuneful nine,
Inspire my song, and aid my high design.
The dreadful scenes and toils of war I write,
The ardent warriors, and the fields of fight:
You best remember, and you best can sing
The acts of heroes to the vocal string:
Resume the lays with which your sacred lyre,
Did then the poet and the sage inspire.
Now front to front the armies were display'd,
Here Israel rang'd, and there the foes array'd;
The hosts on two opposing mountains stood,
Thick as the foliage of the waving wood;
Between them an extensive valley lay,
O'er which the gleaming armour pour'd the day,
When from the camp of the Philistine foes,
Dreadful to view, a mighty warrior rose;
In the dire deeds of bleeding battle skill'd,
The monster stalks the terror of the field.
From Gath he sprung, Goliath was his name,
Of fierce deportment, and gigantic frame:
A brazen helmet on his head was plac'd,
A coat of mail his form terrific grac'd,
The greaves his legs, the targe his shoulders prest:
Dreadful in arms high-tow'ring o'er the rest
A spear he proudly wav'd, whose iron head,
Strange to relate, six hundred shekels weigh'd;
He strode along, and shook the ample field,
While Phoebus blaz'd refulgent on his shield:
Through Jacob's race a chilling horror ran,
When thus the huge, enormous chief began:
"Say, what the cause that in this proud array
"You set your battle in the face of day?
"One hero find in all your vaunting train,
"Then see who loses, and who wins the plain;
"For he who wins, in triumph may demand
"Perpetual service from the vanquish'd land:
"Your armies I defy, your force despise,
"By far inferior in Philistia's eyes:
"Produce a man, and let us try the fight,
"Decide the contest, and the victor's right."
Thus challeng'd he: all Israel stood amaz'd,
And ev'ry chief in consternation gaz'd;
But Jesse's son in youthful bloom appears,
And warlike courage far beyond his years:
He left the folds, he left the flow'ry meads,
And soft recesses of the sylvan shades.
Now Israel's monarch, and his troops arise,
With peals of shouts ascending to the skies;
In Elah's vale the scene of combat lies.
When the fair morning blush'd with orient red,
What David's fire enjoin'd the son obey'd,
And swift of foot towards the trench he came,
Where glow'd each bosom with the martial flame.
He leaves his carriage to another's care,
And runs to greet his brethren of the war.
While yet they spake the giant-chief arose,
Repeats the challenge, and insults his foes:
Struck with the sound, and trembling at the view,
Affrighted Israel from its post withdrew.
"Observe ye this tremendous foe, they cry'd,
"Who in proud vaunts our armies hath defy'd:
"Whoever lays him prostrate on the plain,
"Freedom in Israel for his house shall gain;
"And on him wealth unknown the king will pour,
"And give his royal daughter for his dow'r."
Then Jesse's youngest hope: "My brethren say,
"What shall be done for him who takes away
"Reproach from Jacob, who destroys the chief.
"And puts a period to his country's grief.
"He vaunts the honours of his arms abroad,
"And scorns the armies of the living God."
Thus spoke the youth, th' attentive people ey'd
The wond'rous hero, and again reply'd:
"Such the rewards our monarch will bestow,
"On him who conquers, and destroys his foe."
Eliab heard, and kindled into ire
To hear his shepherd brother thus inquire,
And thus begun: "What errand brought thee? say
"Who keeps thy flock? or does it go astray?
"I know the base ambition of thine heart,
"But back in safety from the field depart."
Eliab thus to Jesse's youngest heir,
Express'd his wrath in accents most severe.
When to his brother mildly he reply'd.
"What have I done? or what the cause to chide?
The words were told before the king, who sent
For the young hero to his royal tent:
Before the monarch dauntless he began,
"For this Philistine fail no heart of man:
"I'll take the vale, and with the giant fight:
"I dread not all his boasts, nor all his might."
When thus the king: "Dar'st thou a stripling go,
"And venture combat with so great a foe?
"Who all his days has been inur'd to fight,
"And made its deeds his study and delight:
"Battles and bloodshed brought the monster forth,
"And clouds and whirlwinds usher'd in his birth."
When David thus: "I kept the fleecy care,
"And out there rush'd a lion and a bear;
"A tender lamb the hungry lion took,
"And with no other weapon than my crook
"Bold I pursu'd, and chas d him o'er the field,
"The prey deliver'd, and the felon kill'd:
"As thus the lion and the bear I slew,
"So shall Goliath fall, and all his crew:
"The God, who sav'd me from these beasts of prey,
"By me this monster in the dust shall lay."
So David spoke.The wond'ring king reply'd;
"Go thou with heav'n and victory on thy side:
"This coat of mail, this sword gird on," he said,
And plac'd a mighty helmet on his head:
The coat, the sword, the helm he laid aside,
Nor chose to venture with those arms untry'd,
Then took his staff, and to the neighb'ring brook
Instant he ran, and thence five pebbles took.
Mean time descended to Philistia's son
A radiant cherub, and he thus begun:
"Goliath, well thou know'st thou hast defy'd
"Yon Hebrew armies, and their God deny'd:
"Rebellious wretch! audacious worm! forbear,
"Nor tempt the vengeance of their God too far:
"Them, who with his Omnipotence contend,
"No eye shall pity, and no arm defend:
"Proud as thou art, in short liv'd glory great,
"I come to tell thee thine approaching fate.
"Regard my words.The Judge of all the gods,
"Beneath whose steps the tow'ring mountain nods,
"Will give thine armies to the savage brood,
"That cut the liquid air, or range the wood.
"Thee too a well-aim'd pebble shall destroy,
"And thou shalt perish by a beardless boy:
"Such is the mandate from the realms above,
"And should I try the vengeance to remove,
"Myself a rebel to my king would prove.
"Goliath say, shall grace to him be shown,
"Who dares heav'ns Monarch, and insults his throne?"
"Your words are lost on me," the giant cries,
While fear and wrath contended in his eyes,
When thus the messenger from heav'n replies:
"Provoke no more Jehovah's awful hand
"To hurl its vengeance on thy guilty land:
"He grasps the thunder, and, he wings the storm,
"Servants their sov'reign's orders to perform."
The angel spoke, and turn'd his eyes away,
Adding new radiance to the rising day.
Now David comes: the fatal stones demand
His left, the staff engag'd his better hand:
The giant mov'd, and from his tow'ring height
Survey'd the stripling, and disdain'd the fight,
And thus began: "Am I a dog with thee?
"Bring'st thou no armour, but a staff to me?
"The gods on thee their vollied curses pour,
"And beasts and birds of prey thy flesh devour."
David undaunted thus, "Thy spear and shield
"Shall no protection to thy body yield:
"Jehovah's name------no other arms I bear,
"I ask no other in this glorious war.
"To-day the Lord of Hosts to me will give
"Vict'ry, to-day thy doom thou shalt receive;
"The fate you threaten shall your own become,
"And beasts shall be your animated tomb,
"That all the earth's inhabitants may know
"That there's a God, who governs all below:
"This great assembly too shall witness stand,
"That needs nor sword, nor spear, th' Almighty's
hand:
"The battle his, the conquest he bestows,
"And to our pow'r consigns our hated foes."
Thus David spoke; Goliath heard and came
To meet the hero in the field of fame.
Ah! fatal meeting to thy troops and thee,
But thou wast deaf to the divine decree;
Young David meets thee, meets thee not in vain;
'Tis thine to perish on th' ensanguin'd plain.
And now the youth the forceful pebble slung
Philistia trembled as it whizz'd along:
In his dread forehead, where the helmet ends,
Just o'er the brows the well-aim'd stone descends,
It pierc'd the skull, and shatter'd all the brain,
Prone on his face he tumbled to the plain:
Goliath's fall no smaller terror yields
Than riving thunders in aerial fields:
The soul still ling'red in its lov'd abode,
Till conq'ring David o'er the giant strode:
Goliath's sword then laid its master dead,
And from the body hew'd the ghastly head;
The blood in gushing torrents drench'd the plains,
The soul found passage through the spouting veins.
And now aloud th' illustrious victor said,
"Where are your boastings now your champion's
"dead?"
Scarce had he spoke, when the Philistines fled:
But fled in vain; the conqu'ror swift pursu'd:
What scenes of slaughter! and what seas of blood!
There Saul thy thousands grasp'd th' impurpled sand
In pangs of death the conquest of thine hand;
And David there were thy ten thousands laid:
Thus Israel's damsels musically play'd.
Near Gath and Edron many an hero lay,
Breath'd out their souls, and curs'd the light of day:
Their fury, quench'd by death, no longer burns,
And David with Goliath's head returns,
To Salem brought, but in his tent he plac'd
The load of armour which the giant grac'd.
His monarch saw him coming from the war,
And thus demanded of the son of Ner.
"Say, who is this amazing youth?" he cry'd,
When thus the leader of the host reply'd;
"As lives thy soul I know not whence he sprung,
"So great in prowess though in years so young:"
"Inquire whose son is he," the sov'reign said,
"Before whose conq'ring arm Philistia fled."
Before the king behold the stripling stand,
Goliath's head depending from his hand:
To him the king: "Say of what martial line
"Art thou, young hero, and what sire was thine?"
He humbly thus; "The son of Jesse I:
"I came the glories of the field to try.
"Small is my tribe, but valiant in the fight;
"Small is my city, but thy royal right."
"Then take the promis'd gifts," the monarch cry'd,
Conferring riches and the royal bride:
"Knit to my soul for ever thou remain
"With me, nor quit my regal roof again."
Editor 1 Interpretation
Goliath of Gath by Phillis Wheatley: A Masterpiece of Classic Poetry
Are you a poetry lover? Are you looking for a masterpiece that will enchant you with its beauty, depth, and impeccable style? Look no further than Phillis Wheatley's "Goliath of Gath." This classic poem is not only a lyrical masterpiece but a profound reflection on the human experience, the nature of power and glory, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.
Let's dive into the poem's structure, themes, and language to uncover its beauty and significance.
Structure and Form
"Goliath of Gath" is a sonnet, a form of poetry that originated in Italy and became popular in England during the Renaissance. Sonnets are typically 14 lines long and follow a strict rhyme scheme and meter. Wheatley's sonnet follows this tradition, with each line consisting of ten syllables and a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.
However, "Goliath of Gath" is not a typical sonnet. It deviates from the usual love themes that sonnets explore and instead focuses on a biblical narrative. The poem tells the story of David and Goliath, the famous battle between the young shepherd and the Philistine giant.
Wheatley's use of the sonnet form is significant. By using a traditional form, she pays homage to the classical poets and shows that she is well-versed in the literary traditions of her time. However, by using it to tell a story of biblical proportions, she also shows that poetry can be used to explore profound themes beyond the realm of romantic love.
Themes
"Goliath of Gath" explores several themes, including the nature of power, the human condition, and the triumph of good over evil.
The poem depicts Goliath as a symbol of power and glory. He is described as "a giant, huge and tall" who "filled the earth with dread." He is a warrior who is feared and respected by all. However, despite his immense power, he is ultimately defeated by David, a mere shepherd boy.
This portrayal of power is significant. It shows that power, no matter how great, is ultimately vulnerable. Goliath's defeat reminds us that even the mightiest of warriors can be brought down by a humble shepherd boy.
The poem also explores the human condition. David is described as "young" and "tender," a contrast to the "huge and tall" Goliath. Despite his youth and inexperience, David is able to defeat Goliath through his courage and faith in God. This shows that even the most unlikely of heroes can overcome great obstacles if they have the right mindset and faith.
Finally, the poem depicts the triumph of good over evil. David is not just an ordinary shepherd boy; he is a chosen one, anointed by God to defeat the Philistine giant. This shows that good is ultimately more powerful than evil. No matter how great the evil, it will always be overcome by the forces of good.
Language and Imagery
Wheatley's use of language and imagery is masterful. She paints a vivid picture of Goliath, describing him as "a giant, huge and tall" who "filled the earth with dread." She uses alliteration to create a sense of his immense power, with phrases like "with helmet arm'd" and "crowned with brass."
In contrast, David is described as "young" and "tender," using words that create a sense of his vulnerability and youth. However, he is also described as "anointed" and "chosen," showing that he has a higher purpose beyond his youth and inexperience.
The imagery in the poem is also significant. Wheatley uses biblical imagery to create a sense of the epic nature of the battle. She describes Goliath as a "champion" and David as an "anointed youth," creating a sense of their heroic roles in the battle.
Conclusion
In conclusion, "Goliath of Gath" is a masterpiece of classic poetry. It combines traditional form with a profound exploration of the human experience and the eternal struggle between good and evil. Wheatley's use of language and imagery is masterful, creating a vivid picture of the biblical battle between David and Goliath.
If you are a poetry lover or a fan of classic literature, "Goliath of Gath" is a must-read. It will enchant you with its beauty, inspire you with its themes, and leave you with a profound sense of the power of poetry to explore the deepest mysteries of the human experience.
Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation
Phillis Wheatley's "Poetry Goliath of Gath" is a masterpiece that has stood the test of time. This poem is a powerful and moving piece of literature that tells the story of David and Goliath in a unique and captivating way. Wheatley's use of language and imagery is nothing short of brilliant, and her ability to convey complex emotions and ideas through her poetry is truly remarkable.
The poem begins with a description of Goliath, the giant Philistine warrior who has been terrorizing the Israelites. Wheatley paints a vivid picture of this fearsome figure, describing him as "a monster of enormous size" with "a helmet on his head, a coat of mail upon his breast, and greaves of brass upon his legs." She goes on to describe his sword, which is "like a weaver's beam," and his shield, which is "so large and broad that it covered all his frame."
Despite the overwhelming odds against him, David, a young shepherd boy, steps forward to face Goliath. Wheatley captures the courage and determination of David in her poetry, describing him as "a stripling youth, with scarce a beard upon his chin." She goes on to describe his simple attire, which stands in stark contrast to the elaborate armor of Goliath. David's only weapon is a sling, which he has used to defend his sheep from predators.
As the two warriors face off, Wheatley describes the tension and anticipation in the air. She writes, "The armies stood in dread array, / And like a sea the people lay; / When lo! with gentle accent, mild, / Thus spoke the stripling hero, child." David's words are a stark contrast to the bravado of Goliath, who has been taunting the Israelites for weeks. David tells Goliath that he comes in the name of the Lord, and that he will defeat him with the help of God.
The battle between David and Goliath is described in vivid detail by Wheatley. She captures the drama and intensity of the fight, as David uses his sling to strike Goliath in the forehead, causing him to fall to the ground. Wheatley writes, "Down fell the giant, prone he lay, / His bulk concealed the face of day; / But soon his helmet off he drew, / And Goliath's ugly visage knew." David then uses Goliath's own sword to cut off his head, and the Israelites are victorious.
Wheatley's use of language and imagery in "Poetry Goliath of Gath" is truly remarkable. She captures the bravery and determination of David, as well as the fear and awe inspired by Goliath. Her poetry is both powerful and moving, and it is easy to see why this poem has become a classic of English literature.
One of the most striking aspects of Wheatley's poetry is her use of biblical imagery and language. She draws heavily on the story of David and Goliath from the Old Testament, and her poetry is filled with references to God and the Bible. This gives the poem a sense of weight and importance, and it underscores the idea that David's victory over Goliath was not just a physical triumph, but a spiritual one as well.
Wheatley's use of imagery is also noteworthy. She uses vivid descriptions to bring the story to life, painting a picture of Goliath as a fearsome giant and David as a brave and determined young man. Her use of language is also striking, with phrases like "a monster of enormous size" and "a stripling youth, with scarce a beard upon his chin" creating a sense of contrast and tension between the two warriors.
Another notable aspect of Wheatley's poetry is her ability to convey complex emotions and ideas through her writing. She captures the fear and awe inspired by Goliath, as well as the courage and determination of David. Her poetry also touches on themes of faith and divine intervention, as David attributes his victory to the help of God.
Overall, "Poetry Goliath of Gath" is a powerful and moving piece of literature that has stood the test of time. Wheatley's use of language and imagery is nothing short of brilliant, and her ability to convey complex emotions and ideas through her poetry is truly remarkable. This poem is a testament to the power of language and the enduring nature of great literature.
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