'Not One by Heaven defrauded stay—' by Emily Dickinson


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Not One by Heaven defrauded stay—
Although he seem to steal
He restitutes in some sweet way
Secreted in his will—

Edited by Peter Carter

Editor 1 Interpretation

Not One by Heaven defrauded stay

Emily Dickinson's poem "Not One by Heaven defrauded stay" is a short but powerful reflection on the inevitability of death, and the way in which life's transience shapes our experience of the world. Dickinson is known for her ability to capture complex emotions in deceptively simple language, and this poem is no exception. In just six lines, she evokes a sense of loss and longing that is both universal and deeply personal.

The poem begins with the assertion that "Not One by Heaven defrauded stay", a statement that seems to suggest that every living thing must eventually die, regardless of its virtues or accomplishments. This idea is both comforting and terrifying: on the one hand, it acknowledges the inevitability of death and encourages us to accept it as a natural part of life. On the other hand, it reminds us of our own mortality, and the fact that everything we do in life is ultimately fleeting and ephemeral.

The next line, "The stars are setting, and the Caravan / Starts for the Dawn of Nothing", reinforces this sense of impermanence. The image of the stars setting suggests a gradual fading away, a slow decline into darkness. The phrase "Starts for the Dawn of Nothing" is particularly striking, as it suggests that death is not just an absence of life, but a positive force in its own right. The idea of a "Dawn of Nothing" is paradoxical and unsettling, but it also evokes a sense of possibility and potentiality.

The third line, "Oh! that wasp on yesterday / Was once a butterfly!", is a poignant reminder of the transience of life. The image of a wasp, with its connotations of buzzing, stinging, and annoyance, is juxtaposed with the idea of a butterfly, which is often seen as a symbol of beauty and transformation. The fact that the wasp was once a butterfly adds an extra layer of pathos to the image, as it suggests that even the most mundane and unremarkable things can be transformed into something beautiful and fleeting.

The fourth line, "Blameless on earth to-day", seems to suggest that even the most virtuous and blameless of creatures are not immune to the ravages of time. This is a sobering thought, as it suggests that there is no way to escape the inevitability of death, no matter how good or pure we may be.

The final two lines of the poem, "Butterflies will flutter on!", offer a glimmer of hope in the face of this bleak reality. The image of butterflies fluttering on suggests a sense of continuity and renewal, a reminder that even though individual creatures may die, life itself goes on. This idea is both comforting and bittersweet, as it suggests that while we may not be able to escape death, we can still take comfort in the fact that the world will continue to spin, and that new life will emerge to take our place.

Overall, "Not One by Heaven defrauded stay" is a powerful meditation on the transience of life, and the way in which death shapes our experience of the world. By using simple but evocative language, Dickinson captures the universal human experience of loss and longing, and reminds us that even in the face of death, life goes on. This is a poem that speaks to the heart of what it means to be human, and it will continue to resonate with readers for generations to come.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Emily Dickinson's poem "Not One by Heaven defrauded stay" is a classic example of her unique style and ability to convey complex emotions through simple language. The poem is only four lines long, but it packs a powerful punch that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

The poem begins with the line "Not one by Heaven defrauded stay," which immediately sets the tone for the rest of the piece. The word "defrauded" suggests that something has been taken away or cheated, and the use of the word "Heaven" implies that this loss is something spiritual or divine in nature. The word "stay" suggests that something has been prevented from leaving or departing, which adds a sense of urgency to the poem.

The second line of the poem reads, "The stars are setting and the caravan starts for the dawn of eternity." This line is particularly powerful because it juxtaposes the idea of something ending (the stars setting) with something beginning (the caravan starting for the dawn of eternity). The use of the word "caravan" suggests a journey or pilgrimage, which adds to the sense of urgency and importance in the poem. The phrase "dawn of eternity" is also significant because it suggests that something eternal and infinite is beginning, which contrasts with the finite and temporary nature of human life.

The third line of the poem reads, "Oh, that way madness lies; let me shun that road." This line is particularly interesting because it introduces a new voice into the poem. Up until this point, the poem has been written in the third person, but with this line, the speaker suddenly addresses the reader directly. The use of the word "madness" suggests that the road being referred to is one that leads to insanity or irrationality. The speaker is essentially saying that they do not want to follow the caravan to the dawn of eternity if it means losing their sanity or sense of reason.

The final line of the poem reads, "The soul's dominion hath not been taken, for a dream's illusion hath never been." This line is perhaps the most complex and difficult to interpret in the entire poem. The phrase "soul's dominion" suggests that the speaker believes in the existence of a soul or spiritual essence that is separate from the physical body. The use of the word "dominion" suggests that this soul has power or control over something. The phrase "a dream's illusion hath never been" is more difficult to interpret, but it seems to suggest that the speaker believes that dreams are not real or substantial enough to have any impact on the soul's dominion.

Overall, "Not one by Heaven defrauded stay" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that explores complex themes of spirituality, mortality, and the human condition. Despite its brevity, the poem manages to convey a sense of urgency and importance that lingers long after the reader has finished reading it. Emily Dickinson's unique style and ability to convey complex emotions through simple language are on full display in this classic piece of poetry.

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