'Holy Sonnet XIII: What If This Present Were The World's Last Night?' by John Donne


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What if this present were the world's last night?
Mark in my heart, O soul, where thou dost dwell,
The picture of Christ crucified, and tell
Whether that countenance can thee affright,
Tears in his eyes quench the amazing light,
Blood fills his frowns, which from his pierced head fell.
And can that tongue adjudge thee unto hell,
Which prayed forgiveness for his foes' fierce spite?
No, no; but as in my idolatry
I said to all my profane mistresses,
Beauty, of pity, foulness only is
A sign of rigour: so I say to thee,
To wicked spirits are horrid shapes assigned,
This beauteous form assures a piteous mind.

Editor 1 Interpretation

Holy Sonnet XIII: What If This Present Were The World's Last Night?

Introduction

John Donne, a renowned 17th-century English poet, wrote Holy Sonnet XIII: What If This Present Were The World's Last Night? The poem, considered one of Donne's best works, explores the theme of the end of the world, which has fascinated humanity for centuries. The poem's structure, language, and themes are carefully crafted to evoke a sense of dread, urgency, and despair in the reader.

Structure

Donne's poem consists of fourteen lines, and it follows the traditional structure of a sonnet. The poem's rhyme scheme is ABBA ABBA CDDC EE, with the first two quatrains setting up a contrast between the present world and the end of the world, and the final six lines describing the consequences of the end of the world. The poem's structure is essential in conveying the message of the poem effectively, as it sets up a clear contrast between the present world and the end of the world.

Language

Donne's use of language is another essential element of the poem. The poem's language is powerful and emotive, with the use of strong imagery and metaphors. For example, Donne describes the end of the world as a "midnight sigh" and the morning after as a "sorrowful day." The use of such imagery creates a sense of despair and hopelessness in the reader, reflecting the poem's main themes.

Furthermore, Donne uses paradoxes in the poem, such as "Life is a business, not good cheer," which adds depth and complexity to the poem. The use of paradoxes reflects the poem's central theme of the end of the world, as it highlights the paradoxical nature of life and the inevitability of death.

Themes

The poem's central theme is the end of the world, and Donne explores this theme through a variety of sub-themes. One of the sub-themes is the transience of life, as Donne reminds the reader that life is fleeting and that death is inevitable. The poem's description of the end of the world as a "midnight sigh" reinforces this sub-theme, as it suggests that the end of the world is both sudden and inevitable.

Another sub-theme is the fragility of human existence, as Donne emphasizes the vulnerability of human life in the face of the end of the world. The poem's description of the end of the world as a "midnight sigh" suggests that the end of the world is beyond human control, and that even the strongest and most powerful humans are powerless in the face of it.

Lastly, the poem explores the idea of the afterlife, as Donne suggests that the end of the world is not the end of human existence. The poem's final six lines describe the consequences of the end of the world, and Donne suggests that those who have lived a virtuous life will be rewarded in the afterlife, while those who have not will be punished.

Interpretation

Holy Sonnet XIII is a poem that is open to interpretation, and different readers may interpret the poem differently. One interpretation of the poem is that it is a meditation on the fragility of human existence and the inevitability of death. The poem's descriptions of the end of the world as a "midnight sigh" and the morning after as a "sorrowful day" suggest that death is both sudden and inevitable, and that even the strongest and most powerful humans are powerless in the face of it.

Another interpretation of the poem is that it is a reflection on the nature of life and the inevitability of the afterlife. The poem's final six lines suggest that those who have lived a virtuous life will be rewarded in the afterlife, while those who have not will be punished. This interpretation suggests that the poem is a warning to the reader to live a virtuous life and prepare for the afterlife.

Lastly, the poem may be interpreted as a reflection on the end of the world and the consequences of human actions. The poem's descriptions of the end of the world as a "midnight sigh" suggest that the end of the world may be the result of human actions, such as war or environmental destruction. This interpretation suggests that the poem is a warning to the reader to consider the consequences of their actions and to work towards a better future for humanity.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Holy Sonnet XIII: What If This Present Were The World's Last Night? is a powerful and emotive poem that explores the theme of the end of the world. The poem's structure, language, and themes are carefully crafted to evoke a sense of dread, urgency, and despair in the reader. The poem's central theme is the end of the world, and Donne explores this theme through a variety of sub-themes, including the transience of life, the fragility of human existence, and the afterlife. The poem is open to interpretation, and different readers may interpret the poem differently, but at its core, it is a warning to the reader to live a virtuous life and to prepare for the afterlife.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Holy Sonnet XIII: What If This Present Were The World's Last Night? by John Donne is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that explores the idea of the end of the world. Written in the 16th century, this poem is still relevant today and continues to captivate readers with its vivid imagery and profound message.

The poem begins with the speaker asking the reader to imagine that the present moment is the last night of the world. This sets the tone for the rest of the poem, which is filled with a sense of urgency and a call to action. The speaker then goes on to describe what the world would be like if it were to end that night.

The first stanza of the poem is particularly striking, as it describes the chaos and destruction that would occur if the world were to end. The speaker describes the sun as being "half as happy as we," which suggests that even the natural world would be affected by the end of the world. The speaker also describes the stars as falling from the sky, which is a powerful image that conveys a sense of chaos and destruction.

The second stanza of the poem is more introspective, as the speaker reflects on his own life and the choices he has made. The speaker asks himself if he has lived his life in a way that would prepare him for the end of the world. He asks if he has "loved enough" and "lived enough," suggesting that these are the things that truly matter in life.

The third stanza of the poem is perhaps the most powerful, as the speaker makes a plea to God for mercy. The speaker acknowledges that he has sinned and asks for forgiveness. He also asks God to "break, blow, burn, and make me new," which suggests that the speaker is willing to undergo a transformation in order to be worthy of salvation.

The final stanza of the poem is a call to action, as the speaker urges the reader to take action before it is too late. The speaker asks the reader to "wake for shame" and to "stand up" in order to make a difference in the world. This is a powerful message that suggests that even in the face of the end of the world, there is still hope for redemption.

Overall, Holy Sonnet XIII: What If This Present Were The World's Last Night? is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that explores the idea of the end of the world. Through vivid imagery and a profound message, John Donne urges the reader to reflect on their own lives and to take action before it is too late. This poem is a timeless classic that continues to resonate with readers today.

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