'November 1968' by Adrienne Rich


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Stripped
you're beginning to float free
up through the smoke of brushfires
and incinerators
the unleafed branches won't hold you
nor the radar aerials

You're what the autumn knew would happen
after the last collapse
of primary color
once the last absolutes were torn to pieces
you could begin

How you broke open, what sheathed you
until this moment
I know nothing about it
my ignorance of you amazes me
now that I watch you
starting to give yourself away
to the wind


Submitted by Denise

Editor 1 Interpretation

November 1968: A Literary Criticism and Interpretation

Oh, November 1968, what a poem! Written by none other than the remarkable Adrienne Rich, this piece of literature leaves me in awe every time I read it. With its rich imagery, powerful symbolism, and poignant message, this poem has become a classic in its own right. In this literary criticism and interpretation, we will delve into the various literary devices used by Adrienne Rich and explore the deeper meaning behind this masterpiece.

Overview of the Poem

November 1968 is a poem that was written during a time of great social and political upheaval in the United States. The Vietnam War was at its peak, and protests against it were rampant. In this poem, Adrienne Rich reflects on the state of the country and the world at large, and the need for change.

The poem is divided into three stanzas, each with a distinct theme. The first stanza sets the tone for the poem, with Rich describing the bleakness of November and the sense of despair that permeates the air. The second stanza introduces the idea of revolution and the need for change. Finally, the third stanza brings together the themes of the previous two, ending with a call to action for the reader to take up the cause of change.

Literary Devices Used in the Poem

Imagery

One of the most striking features of this poem is the use of vivid imagery to convey the bleakness and despair of the world that Rich is describing. In the first stanza, she writes:

The world is tired, the year is old, The little leaves are glad to die, And the wind lives on the cold.

These lines paint a picture of a desolate world, where everything is tired and worn out. The leaves are happy to fall from the trees, and the wind is cold and unrelenting. This imagery sets the tone for the rest of the poem, creating a sense of sadness and despair that runs throughout.

Symbolism

Another important literary device used in this poem is symbolism. Rich uses a number of symbols to represent the themes of the poem, such as the image of the "newborn anger" in the second stanza. This anger represents the need for change and the desire to fight against the status quo. Other symbols used in the poem include the "tiny fists" that are raised in protest and the "cracks in the earth" that represent the potential for change.

Repetition

Repetition is another important literary device used in November 1968. Rich repeats certain phrases and words throughout the poem to create a sense of rhythm and emphasis. For example, the phrase "A people in darkness" is repeated several times in the second stanza, emphasizing the idea of a group of people who are oppressed and in need of change.

Personification

Finally, personification is used throughout the poem to give life to inanimate objects and create a sense of movement and action. For example, the wind is described as "living on the cold," giving it a sense of agency and purpose. This personification adds to the overall tone of the poem, creating a sense of urgency and action.

Interpretation of the Poem

At its core, November 1968 is a poem about the need for change. Rich is describing a world that is tired and worn out, but also one that is ripe for revolution. She uses vivid imagery and powerful symbolism to convey the idea that change is necessary, and that the status quo is no longer acceptable.

The second stanza of the poem is particularly important, as it sets out the idea of revolution and the need for action. Rich describes a people in darkness, who are "gathering fuel in vacant lots" and raising "tiny fists" in protest. This image of a group of people who are willing to fight for change is a powerful one, and it inspires the reader to take up the cause of change as well.

Finally, in the third stanza, Rich brings together the themes of the previous two stanzas, ending with a call to action for the reader. She writes:

We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake, The dry wells and the bitter herbs, The stalking famine and the black eclipse; For we are the hunger and the cannibal, The thirst and the parched, And we are the city dweller With open eyes, who sees Our earth in flames.

This powerful section of the poem is a call to arms for the reader, urging them to take action and fight for change. Rich is saying that it is not enough to simply be aware of the problems in the world, we must also take action to fix them.

Conclusion

In conclusion, November 1968 is a powerful poem that is still relevant today. Adrienne Rich uses a variety of literary devices, including imagery, symbolism, repetition, and personification, to convey a sense of despair and hopelessness, but also the potential for change. The poem is a call to action for the reader, urging them to take up the cause of change and fight against the status quo. It is a reminder that we must be active participants in the world around us, and that change is possible if we are willing to fight for it.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

November 1968: An Analysis of Adrienne Rich’s Classic Poem

Adrienne Rich’s poem, November 1968, is a powerful and evocative work that captures the tumultuous political and social climate of the late 1960s. Written during a time of great upheaval and change, the poem speaks to the struggles of the era and the hope that existed amidst the chaos. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, imagery, and language used in the poem to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and significance.

Themes

At its core, November 1968 is a poem about resistance and revolution. Rich speaks to the need for change and the desire to break free from the constraints of the past. She writes of a world in which people are rising up against oppression and fighting for their rights. The poem is a call to action, urging readers to join the struggle and work towards a better future.

Another key theme in the poem is the idea of transformation. Rich writes of a world in which everything is in flux, where old structures are being torn down and new ones are being built. She speaks of the need to embrace change and to be open to new ideas and ways of being. This theme is particularly relevant to the era in which the poem was written, as the 1960s were a time of great social and cultural change.

Imagery

One of the most striking aspects of November 1968 is its vivid imagery. Rich uses powerful metaphors and symbols to convey the themes of the poem. For example, she writes of “the dark night of the soul” and “the long night of the people.” These images evoke a sense of struggle and hardship, but also of the potential for transformation and growth.

Another powerful image in the poem is that of the “burning cities.” This metaphor speaks to the riots and protests that were taking place in cities across the United States at the time. The burning cities represent both the destruction that was taking place and the hope for a new beginning.

Language

Rich’s use of language in November 1968 is both poetic and political. She employs a range of literary devices, including repetition, alliteration, and metaphor, to create a sense of urgency and passion. The poem is written in free verse, which allows Rich to experiment with form and structure.

One of the most striking aspects of the language in the poem is its use of pronouns. Rich writes in the first person plural, using “we” and “us” to create a sense of community and solidarity. This language is particularly effective in conveying the idea of resistance and revolution, as it suggests that the struggle is not an individual one, but a collective one.

Conclusion

In conclusion, November 1968 is a powerful and evocative poem that speaks to the struggles and hopes of the late 1960s. Rich’s use of imagery and language creates a sense of urgency and passion, while the themes of resistance and transformation are as relevant today as they were when the poem was written. This classic work of poetry is a testament to the power of art to capture the spirit of a time and to inspire change.

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