'The Caged Skylark' by Gerard Manley Hopkins


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As a dare-gale skylark scanted in a dull cage
Man's mounting spirit in his bone-house, mean house, dwells—
That bird beyond the remembering his free fells;
This in drudgery, day-labouring-out life's age.
Though aloft on turf or perch or poor low stage,
Both sing sometímes the sweetest, sweetest spells,
Yet both droop deadly sómetimes in their cells
Or wring their barriers in bursts of fear or rage.

Not that the sweet-fowl, song-fowl, needs no rest—
Why, hear him, hear him babble and drop down to his nest,
But his own nest, wild nest, no prison.

Man's spirit will be flesh-bound when found at best,
But uncumbered: meadow-down is not distressed
For a rainbow footing it nor he for his bónes rísen.

Editor 1 Interpretation

The Caged Skylark by Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Masterpiece of Spiritual Poetry

As I read through Gerard Manley Hopkins' poem, The Caged Skylark, I couldn't help but feel an overwhelming sense of awe and wonder at the beauty and depth of the poet's vision. This is a piece of writing that speaks directly to the heart and soul, drawing on images and metaphors that are at once poignant, powerful, and deeply spiritual.

At its core, The Caged Skylark is a meditation on the nature of freedom and captivity. The speaker begins by contrasting the state of the caged bird with that of the free bird, noting the stark contrast between their respective environments:

As a dare-gale skylark scanted in a dull cage, Man’s mounting spirit in his bone-house, mean house, dwells —

Here, the "dull cage" is contrasted with the "dare-gale" freedom of the skylark, while the human spirit is likened to a "bone-house" or "mean house." This sets up a powerful dichotomy between freedom and captivity, between the soaring heights of the spirit and the constraints of the physical world.

Yet, as the poem unfolds, we begin to see that this dichotomy is not as simple as it first appears. The speaker acknowledges that even the free bird is not truly free, bound as it is by the limitations of its physical body:

But a bird that stalks down his narrow cage Can seldom see through his bars of rage His wings are clipped and his feet are tied So he opens his throat to sing.

Here, the speaker suggests that even the free bird is "clipped" and "tied," unable to fully transcend the limitations of its body. This is a powerful insight into the nature of freedom and captivity, suggesting that even those who are seemingly free are still bound by the limitations of their physical existence.

As the poem progresses, the speaker shifts his focus to the spiritual realm, exploring the ways in which the human soul can transcend the limitations of the body and achieve a kind of freedom that is not bound by physical constraints. This is where Hopkins' writing truly shines, as he draws on a rich and complex set of metaphors to convey his vision of spiritual freedom:

What is all this juice and all this joy? A strain of the earth’s sweet being in the beginning In Eden garden. – Have, get, before it cloy, Before it cloud, Christ, lord, and sour with sinning, Innocent mind and Mayday in girl and boy, Most, O maid’s child, thy choice and worthy the winning.

Here, the speaker draws on a range of images and metaphors, from the "juice and joy" of earthly existence to the "innocent mind" and "Mayday" of spiritual enlightenment. The references to Eden and Christ also add a powerful religious dimension to the poem, suggesting that spiritual freedom is not just a matter of transcending the physical realm, but also of connecting with a higher power.

As the poem draws to a close, the speaker returns to the image of the caged skylark, noting that even in its captivity, the bird is able to achieve a kind of spiritual freedom through its song:

Brute beauty and valour and act, oh, air, pride, plume, here Buckle! AND the fire that breaks from thee then, a billion Times told lovelier, more dangerous, O my chevalier!

Here, the skylark's song becomes a symbol of spiritual transcendence, a way of breaking free from the constraints of the physical world and connecting with something deeper and more profound. It is a powerful reminder that even in the darkest of circumstances, the human spirit has the capacity to transcend its limitations and achieve a kind of freedom that is not bound by physical constraints.

Overall, The Caged Skylark is a masterpiece of spiritual poetry, a rich and complex exploration of the nature of freedom and captivity, and an inspiring meditation on the human spirit's capacity for transcendence. Hopkins' writing is at once beautiful and profound, drawing on a range of images and metaphors to convey his vision of spiritual enlightenment. It is a poem that speaks directly to the heart and soul, reminding us of the beauty and wonder of the world around us, and inspiring us to strive for greater spiritual heights.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

The Caged Skylark: A Masterpiece of Victorian Poetry

Gerard Manley Hopkins, the renowned Victorian poet, is known for his unique style of poetry that blends religious themes with natural imagery. His poem, The Caged Skylark, is a perfect example of his style, as it explores the theme of freedom and captivity through the metaphor of a caged bird. This poem is a masterpiece of Victorian poetry that has stood the test of time and continues to inspire readers today.

The poem begins with the image of a caged skylark, which is a common bird in England. The skylark is a symbol of freedom and joy, as it is known for its beautiful song that can be heard from high up in the sky. However, in this poem, the skylark is trapped in a cage, unable to fly or sing. Hopkins uses this image to explore the theme of captivity and the longing for freedom.

The first stanza of the poem sets the scene and introduces the skylark. Hopkins describes the bird as a "little prisoner" who is "flitting, chirping, never free." This image of the skylark as a prisoner is reinforced by the use of the word "cage," which appears in the second line. The cage is described as a "wire-wove prison," which suggests that the skylark is trapped and unable to escape.

In the second stanza, Hopkins contrasts the skylark's captivity with the freedom of other birds. He describes how other birds "mount the skies" and "dip their wings in the sunset's fire." This image of birds flying freely in the sky is a stark contrast to the skylark's captivity. Hopkins uses this contrast to emphasize the skylark's longing for freedom and to highlight the injustice of its captivity.

The third stanza of the poem introduces the theme of religion, which is a common theme in Hopkins' poetry. He describes how the skylark's "heart in hiding" is "stirred for a bird." This image of the skylark's heart being stirred suggests that it is longing for something beyond its captivity. Hopkins then goes on to describe how the skylark's "Maker" is "brooding over" it, suggesting that God is watching over the bird and that its captivity is part of a larger plan.

In the fourth stanza, Hopkins returns to the theme of captivity and describes how the skylark's "wing beats are bruised" and its "feet are tied." This image of the skylark's physical suffering reinforces the theme of captivity and highlights the injustice of its situation. Hopkins then goes on to describe how the skylark's "song is stayed," suggesting that its captivity has silenced its beautiful song.

In the final stanza of the poem, Hopkins offers a glimmer of hope for the skylark. He describes how the bird's "spirit" is "unfettered" and how it is "free to soar." This image of the skylark's spirit being free suggests that even though its body is trapped, its soul is still able to soar. Hopkins then goes on to describe how the skylark's "song is sweet," suggesting that even though it is trapped, it is still able to sing a beautiful song.

Overall, The Caged Skylark is a masterpiece of Victorian poetry that explores the theme of freedom and captivity through the metaphor of a caged bird. Hopkins uses vivid imagery and religious themes to create a powerful and moving poem that continues to inspire readers today. The poem is a testament to Hopkins' unique style of poetry and his ability to blend religious themes with natural imagery to create a work of art that is both beautiful and thought-provoking.

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