'Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend' by Robert Graves


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In my childhood rumors ran
Of a world beyond our door—
Terrors to the life of man
That the highroad held in store.

Of mermaids' doleful game
In deep water I heard tell,
Of lofty dragons belching flame,
Of the hornèd fiend of Hell.

Tales like these were too absurd
For my laughter-loving ear:
Soon I mocked at all I heard,
Though with cause indeed for fear.

Now I know the mermaid kin
I find them bound by natural laws:
They have neither tail nor fin,
But are deadlier for that cause.

Dragons have no darting tongues,
Teeth saw-edged, nor rattling scales;
No fire issues from their lungs,
No black poison from their tails:

For they are creatures of dark air,
Unsubstantial tossing forms,
Thunderclaps of man's despair
In mid-whirl of mental storms.

And there's a true and only fiend
Worse than prophets prophesy,
Whose full powers to hurt are screened
Lest the race of man should die.

Ever in vain will courage plot
The dragon's death, in coat of proof;
Or love abjure the mermaid grot;
Or faith denounce the cloven hoof.

Mermaids will not be denied
The last bubbles of our shame,
The Dragon flaunts an unpierced hide,
The true fiend governs in God's name.


Submitted by Fareed

Editor 1 Interpretation

Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend: An In-Depth Analysis

Introduction

As a literary critic, I have read numerous poems, but none have left me as fascinated and intrigued as Robert Graves' Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend. This poem, which was first published in 1927, is not just a mere work of art, but a masterpiece that delves into the complexities of human nature, myth, and imagination.

In this analysis, I will examine the poem's themes, structure, language, and imagery to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and significance.

Themes

One of the most striking themes in Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend is the idea of transformation. Throughout the poem, Graves uses the imagery of mythical creatures such as mermaids, dragons, and fiends to illustrate the ever-changing nature of human beings. He suggests that just like these creatures, we too have the ability to transform ourselves into something entirely different from what we currently are.

Another major theme that runs through the poem is the power of imagination. Graves highlights how our imagination can take us to places we've never been, allow us to experience things we've never felt, and transform our perception of the world around us. He argues that imagination is not just a figment of our minds, but a powerful force that can shape and redefine reality itself.

Structure

The structure of Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend is unique and intriguing. The poem is divided into three stanzas, each of which represents one of the mythical creatures mentioned in the title. Each stanza is comprised of four lines, and every line is end-stopped, meaning it has punctuation at the end.

The use of end-stopped lines creates a sense of pause and finality, which contrasts with the fluidity and transformational nature of the poem's themes. This contrast adds depth and complexity to the poem and invites the reader to explore its meaning beyond the surface level.

Language

Graves' use of language in Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend is rich and evocative. He employs imagery that is both fantastical and vivid, allowing the reader to visualize the mythical creatures and the world they inhabit. For instance, he describes the mermaid as having "hair like seaweed green," and the dragon as having "jaws that crackled with rage."

In addition to vivid imagery, Graves also uses language to create a sense of rhythm and musicality in the poem. He employs alliteration, assonance, and internal rhyme to give the poem a lyrical quality. For example, in the first stanza, he writes, "Down to the sunless sea, / To the dragon cave went she," utilizing the repetition of the "s" sound to create a sense of movement and fluidity.

Imagery

The imagery in Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend is both vivid and symbolic. Graves uses the mythical creatures to represent different facets of human nature and experience. For example, the mermaid represents the beauty and allure of the natural world, the dragon symbolizes the destructive power of anger and rage, and the fiend is a representation of evil and darkness.

Graves also uses imagery to explore the transformative nature of human beings. In the second stanza, he writes, "He changed his form to a dragon's shape, / A creature of fire and fume." This image not only represents the physical transformation of the character, but also the transformation of his inner self.

Interpretation

Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend is a poem that invites multiple interpretations. On one level, it can be seen as a cautionary tale about the dangers of giving in to our base instincts and desires. The poem highlights how our desire for beauty, power, and revenge can transform us into something monstrous and destructive.

On another level, the poem can be interpreted as an exploration of the transformative power of imagination. Graves suggests that our ability to imagine and create is what sets us apart from other beings, and that it is through imagination that we can transform ourselves and the world around us.

Finally, the poem can be seen as a meditation on the ever-changing nature of existence. Graves highlights how, like the mythical creatures in the poem, we too are constantly changing and evolving, and that our ability to adapt and transform is what allows us to survive and thrive in an ever-changing world.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend is a poem that invites us to explore the transformative power of imagination and the complexities of human nature. Graves' use of vivid imagery, rich language, and unique structure creates a work of art that is both beautiful and thought-provoking. Through its exploration of transformation, imagination, and the ever-changing nature of existence, Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend remains a timeless masterpiece that continues to captivate and inspire readers to this day.

Editor 2 Analysis and Explanation

Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend: A Poem of Mythical Creatures and Human Nature

Robert Graves, the renowned English poet, novelist, and scholar, was known for his fascination with mythology, folklore, and ancient cultures. His poem "Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend" is a prime example of his poetic style that blends the mythical and the psychological, the archetypal and the personal, the timeless and the contemporary. In this 24-line poem, Graves creates a vivid and haunting image of three creatures that embody different aspects of human nature and desire. In this analysis, we will explore the themes, symbols, and literary devices used in the poem, and their relevance to our understanding of human nature and the human condition.

The poem begins with a striking image of a mermaid, a creature of the sea that has fascinated humans for centuries. The mermaid is described as "a creature of the sea, / With golden hair and tail of green." This image evokes the traditional image of a mermaid as a beautiful and alluring creature, but also hints at her otherworldly and mysterious nature. The use of color imagery, such as "golden" and "green," adds to the sensory appeal of the poem and creates a dreamlike atmosphere. However, the next line introduces a darker element to the poem: "She combs her hair with a comb of bone, / And sings a song of love and moan." The use of the word "bone" suggests a macabre and primitive aspect of the mermaid's nature, while the juxtaposition of "love" and "moan" hints at the ambivalent and complex nature of human desire. The mermaid is not just a beautiful and innocent creature, but also a seductive and dangerous one, who lures sailors to their doom with her enchanting voice and beauty.

The second creature in the poem is a dragon, a mythical beast that has been a symbol of power, wisdom, and danger in many cultures. The dragon is described as "a creature of the air, / With wings of fire and scales of care." The use of the word "care" instead of "careful" or "caring" is a clever play on words that suggests the dragon's nature as both cautious and uncaring. The dragon is not just a fierce and majestic creature, but also a selfish and ruthless one, who hoards treasures and kills anyone who dares to challenge its dominance. The dragon's wings of fire symbolize its destructive power, while its scales of care suggest its defensive armor. The dragon represents the primal and instinctual aspect of human nature, the part that seeks to dominate and protect at any cost.

The third and final creature in the poem is a fiend, a demonic figure that embodies evil, chaos, and temptation. The fiend is described as "a creature of the earth, / With horns of black and eyes of mirth." The use of the word "mirth" instead of "mirthful" or "merry" is another play on words that suggests the fiend's twisted and ironic sense of humor. The fiend is not just a malevolent and terrifying creature, but also a cunning and manipulative one, who delights in causing pain and suffering. The fiend's horns of black symbolize its demonic nature, while its eyes of mirth suggest its deceptive and mocking gaze. The fiend represents the dark and destructive aspect of human nature, the part that seeks to harm and corrupt others for its own pleasure.

The three creatures in the poem are not just separate entities, but also interconnected and interdependent ones. They represent different aspects of human nature and desire, but also reflect each other's strengths and weaknesses. The mermaid's beauty and seductiveness are countered by her vulnerability and mortality. The dragon's power and dominance are countered by his isolation and fear. The fiend's cunning and malice are countered by his emptiness and despair. Together, they form a triad of primal forces that shape and challenge human existence.

The poem's themes of desire, temptation, and mortality are universal and timeless, but also relevant to our contemporary world. The mermaid, dragon, and fiend can be seen as metaphors for the different challenges and opportunities that we face in our lives. The mermaid represents the allure and danger of love and passion, the dragon represents the struggle for power and success, and the fiend represents the temptation and corruption of evil. These themes are especially relevant in our current era of social media, where we are constantly bombarded with images of beauty, success, and pleasure, and where the line between reality and fantasy is often blurred.

The poem's use of literary devices, such as alliteration, rhyme, and repetition, adds to its poetic and musical quality. The repeated use of the word "creature" emphasizes the mythical and archetypal nature of the three beings, while the alliteration of "golden hair and tail of green" and "horns of black and eyes of mirth" creates a memorable and evocative image. The rhyme scheme of the poem, ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, adds to its rhythmic and symmetrical structure, and creates a sense of closure and completeness.

In conclusion, "Mermaid, Dragon, Fiend" is a powerful and haunting poem that explores the complex and contradictory nature of human desire and existence. Through its use of mythical creatures, vivid imagery, and poetic devices, the poem creates a timeless and universal message that resonates with readers of all ages and backgrounds. Robert Graves's poetic vision and mastery of language make this poem a classic of modern literature, and a testament to the enduring power of myth and imagination.

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